Question and Answer Pathophysiology
the Biologic Basis forDisease in Adults
and Children 8th Edition
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use
nutrie...
question and answer pathophysiology the biologic basis fordisease in adults and children 8th edition chapter 1 cellular biology multiple choice 1 which statement best describes the cellular function
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Question and Answer Pathophysiology
the Biologic Basis forDisease in Adults
and Children 8th Edition
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use
nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorptio
,PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
1. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
,remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the
nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that
originate
from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes
are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
1. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released
during cell
injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
, ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
1. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
1. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell
membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cell membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
1. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
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