Skeletal Osteology, Skeletal Muscle, functions of the skeletal system, cartilage, difference of cartilage and bone, macroscopic structure of bone, sekeletal features, endochondral ossification, axial and appendicular skeleton, regional sections of the skeleton, the bones of the skull, skeleton anat...
Human Osteology
SKELETAL MUSCLE Both connective tissues with
abundant matrix (material
Bone
between cells)
Cartilage
Matrix of cartilage contains
Ligaments
proteoglycan, collagen and/or
Functions of the Skeletal crystalline
System Matrix of bone contains
proteoglycan, collagen and a
Support crystalline mixture of calcium
Bone hard and rigid and phosphate called
Cartilage flexible yet hydroxyapatite
strong
Protection MACROSCOPIC
Skull around brain STRUCTURE OF BONE
Ribs; sternum;
Bone Structures
vertebrae protect
organs of thoracic Long
cavity; spinal cord Upper and lower limbs
Movement Short
Ca2+, Pi stored and Carpals and tarsal
released as needed Flat
Adipose tissue in Ribs, sternum, skull,
narrow cavities scapulae
Blood cell production Irregular
Bone marrow gives Vertebrae, facial
rise to blood cells,
Zones of Long Bone
platelets –
hematopoiesis
Cartilage
Hyaline
Most common
Moderate strength
Fibrocartilage
Vertebral discs, pubic
symphysis
Strongest
Elastic cartilage
Ears, epiglottis,
eustachian tube
Flexible, recoil
What is the difference
CHONDROCYTES PRODUCES
between cartilage
COLLAGENOUS and
EXTRACELLULAR
MATRIX,
bone? GROUND SUBSTANCE
(PROTEOGLYCAN, ELASTIC FIBRES)
, Epiphysis Chondroblasts produce a
Region between the cartilage model that is
articular end of the surrounded by
bone and growth plate perichondrium, except
(or phsis) where joints will form
Metaphysis The perichondrium of the
Regio immediately periosteum, and a bone
below the growth plate collar is produced.
Diaphysis Internally, the chondrocytes
The region between hypertrophy, and calcified
the metaphysis (shaft cartilage forms
of the log bones) A primary ossification
center forms as blood vessels
and osteoblasts invade the
calcified cartilage. The
osteoblasts lay down bone
matrix, forming spongy bone
The process of bone collar
formation, cartilage
calcification and spongy bone
production continues.
Calcified cartilage begins to
form in the epiphysis. A
medullary cavity begins to
form in the center of the
Skeletal Features diaphysis
Secondary ossification
Ridges centers form in the epiphyses
Line or linear: low of long bones
ridge The original cartilage model
Crest or crista: is almost completely ossified.
prominent ridge Unossified cartilage becomes
Openings the epiphysis plate and the
Foramen: hole articular cartilage
Canal or meatus: In mature bone, the
tunnel epiphyseal plate has become
Sinus or labyrinth: the epiphyseal line, and all
cavity the cartilage in the epiphysis,
Depressions except the articular cartilage,
Fossa: general term has become bone
for a depression
Fissure, narrow grove
depression
Acetabulum deep
socket “cup”
Axial and Appendicular
Endochondral Ossification Skeleton
Axial skeleton
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