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NR 446 Exam 1 study guide-(Set-1), Exam-1-NR446 Collaborative Healthcare $15.49   Add to cart

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NR 446 Exam 1 study guide-(Set-1), Exam-1-NR446 Collaborative Healthcare

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NR 446 Exam 1 study guide-(Set-1), Exam-1-NR446 Collaborative Healthcare

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  • May 8, 2021
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STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 1


NR446 Study Guide to Accompany Exam 1
(Chapters 1-6 and 20)
This document is meant to guide you in your preparation for the exam. You are responsible for
all of the content covered in the lessons, readings, and course work.
Chapter 1:
Critical thinking: Characteristics of a critical thinker
 Insight
 Intuition
 Empathy
 Willingness to take action
o Initiative
o Inspiration
o Energy
o Positive Attitude
o Communication Skills
o Respect
o Problem-solving and Critical-thinking skills
 Pg. 3 in ATI 6.0
Decision Making and Problem Solving:
 Decision Making: complex, cognitive process of choosing a particular course of action;
the thought process of selecting a logical choice from available options.
 Problem Solving: part of a decision making; systematic process focusing on analyzing a
difficult situation involving higher-order reasoning and evaluation.
 Critical Thinking: the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing,
applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information to reach an answer or
conclusion.
o Uses reason to make informed decisions
o Often requires one to think outside of the box
 Clinical Reasoning: integrating and applying different types of knowledge to weigh
evidence, critically think about arguments, and reflect upon the process used to arrive
at diagnosis.
 Clinical Judgement: the decision made regarding a course of action based on a critical
analysis of data.
o Modify interventions based on client’s response
o Determine client outcomes desired/achieved

,STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 2



Heuristics vs. formal structure in problem solving
 Heuristics:
o Shortcut mental strategies that help simplify information
o Discrete and often unconscious process for problem solving
o Allows for quick problem solving based on experiences
o Uses “trial and error” or “rule of thumb”
 A structured approach to problem solving and decision making
increases clinical reasoning
 Traditional (formal) structure in Problem Solving
o Effective Model
o Weaknesses
 Time is needed for proper implementation
 Lack of initial objective-setting step
o Identify the problem
o Gather data to identify the causes and consequences of the problem
o Explore alternative solutions
o Evaluate each alternative
o Select appropriate solution
 Decision-making happens here
o Implement Solution
o Evaluate results
Critical elements used in decision making (POSSIBLE SATA ON EXAM)
 State a clear objective
 Gather data carefully
 Take the time necessary
 Use an evidence-based approach
 Generate many alternatives
 Think Logically
 Choose and act decisively

Learning strategies to increase critical thinking (i.e. case studies, simulation, etc.)
 Case Studies:
o Provide stories that impart learning
 Often unfold over time
 Simulations:
o Provide opportunities for learning w/no risk to patients or organizational
performance
 Problem-based learning (PBL):

, STUDY GUIDE EXAM 1 3


o Provides opportunities for learners to address and learn from authentic
problems vicariously
 Often in small groups
Comparing the decision making process with the nursing process
 MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING MODEL:
o Determine the decision and the desired outcome (set objectives)
o Research and identify options
o Compare and contrast these options and their consequences
o Make a decision
o Implement an action plan
o Evaluate Results
 NURSING PROCESS: A PROBLEM-SOLVING AND DECISION-MAKING MODEL
o ASSESS
o DIAGNOSE
o PLAN
o IMPLEMENT
o EVALUATE
Book table 1.1
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS SIMPLIFIED NURSING PROCESS
IDENTIFY THE DECISION ASSESS
COLLECT DATA
IDENTIFY CRITERIA FOR DECISION PLAN
IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES
CHOOSE ALTERNATIVE IMPLEMENT
IMPLEMENT ALTERNATIVE
EVALUATE STEPS IN DECISION EVALUATE

EBP in decision making
 Keep abreast of the evidence
 Use Multiple sources of evidence
 Use evidence to support clinical interventions and teaching strategies
 Find established sources of evidence
 Implement and evaluate nationally sanctioned clinical practice guidelines
 Question and challenge nursing traditions
 Dispel myths and traditions not supported by evidence
 Collaborate w/other nurses locally and globally
 Interact w/other disciplines to bring nursing evidence to the table

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