Aids to the Examination of the Peripheral Nervous System
Human physiology - outlining the main concepts of what causes peripheral and central sensitisation and how pain can be modulated by detailing the pain gait theory.
• Sensation after the activation of nociceptors (pain receptors) highlight the area and intensity
of actual or potential tissue damaging stimuli.
• Pain may be experienced without obvious nociceptor activation.
• Pain sensation (eg. Burning, pricking, stabbing throbbing) are associated with the activation
of nociceptors but the differences in individual response indicate the severity and intensity
of the activation of the pain receptor as well as the psychological and emotional state of the
person.
• Individuals may experience pain without the activation of nociceptors or tissue damage. The
pain initiates as a result of changes in sensitivity of cells within the CNS.
Types of Sensory Nerve Endings found in the Skin:
Peripheral Aspects:
• Nociceptors are usually free nerve endings found in tissues.
• Free nerve endings have a high activation threshold.
• Free nerve endings give rise to small diameter afferent nerve endings, which carry action
potentials to the spinal cord and brain.
• Small diameter afferent fibres are described as either myelinated alpha fibres (fast pain) or
non-myelinated C fibres (slow pain).
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