NR 507 WEEK 6 QUIZ (ADVANCED PATHO) VERSION 1 / NR507 WEEK 6 QUIZ (ADVANCED PATHO) VERSION 1: LATEST,CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING

NR 507 WEEK 6 QUIZ (ADVANCED PATHO) VERSION 1 / NR507 WEEK 6 QUIZ (ADVANCED PATHO) VERSION 1: LATEST,CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING1. Question : A(n) _____ fracture is a fracture at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality, usually by a force that would not normally cause a fracture. Student Answer: idiopathic incomplete pathologic greenstick NR 507 WEEK 6 QUIZ (ADVANCED PATHO) Question 2. Question : Which of the following attaches skeletal muscle to bone? Student Answer: Tendon Ligament Bursa Mesentery Question 3. Question : _____ is the temporary displacement of two bones in which the bone surfaces partially lose contact. Student Answer: Dislocation Subluxation Malunion Nonunion Question 4. Question : Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone? Student Answer: Osteomalacia Paget disease Osteoporosis Osteosarcoma Question 5. Question : What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? Student Answer: Reduced excretion of purines Overproduction of uric acid Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels Overproduction of proteoglycans Question 6. Question : Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by Student Answer: paralysis of skeletal muscles resulting from impaired nerve supply. smooth muscle degeneration resulting from ischemia. lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade. release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells. Question 7. Question : Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor activator of RANKL on osteoblasts and osteoclasts? Student Answer: ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts. Question 8. Question : Cerebral palsy is usually a result of Student Answer: brain ischemia during birth. prematurity. congenital defects. genetic defect. Question 9. Question : An insufficient dietary intake of vitamin _____ can lead to rickets in children. Student Answer: C B12 B6 D Question 10. Question : Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscles fibers to the basement membrane? Student Answer: Syntrophin Laminin Dystrophin Troponin Question 11. Question : Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with Student Answer: TP53. src. myc. TSC2. Question 12. Question : Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is likely inherited from one’s Student Answer: father. mother. affected parent. maternal lineage. Question 13. Question : The _____ is cartilage that retains the ability to form and calcify new cartilage and deposit bone until the skeleton matures. Student Answer: epiphyseal line physeal plate epiphyseal cartilage metaphyseal plate Question 14. Question : The total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from which serum laboratory test value? Student Answer: Albumin Blood urea nitrogen Creatinine Creatine Question 15. Question : Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta? Student Answer: Phosphorus Calcium Alkaline phosphatase Total protein Question 16. Question : Chickenpox may be followed years later by Student Answer: erysipelas. cytomegalovirus. warts (verrucae). herpes zoster. Question 17. Question : Scleroderma is more common in women and is associated with a(n) Student Answer: X-linked recessive gene. X-linked dominant gene. virus. autoantibodies. Question 18. Question : Which immunoglobulin is found in skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation of people with discoid lupus erythematosus? Student Answer: IgA IgE IgG IgM Question 19. Question : Keloids are sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scars caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair. Student Answer: elastin collagen stroma reticular fibers Question 20. Question : Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix? Student Answer: Macrophages Mast cells Fibroblasts Histiocytes Question 21. Question : Which clinical manifestation is considered the hallmark of atopic dermatitis? Student Answer: Papular rash High fever Vesicles that burst and form crusts Itching Question 22. Question : Thrush is a superficial infection that commonly occurs in children and is caused by Student Answer: Staphylococcus. Streptococcus. herpesvirus. Candida albicans. Question 23. Question : What is the cause of chickenpox? Student Answer: Poxvirus Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Adenovirus Human papillomavirus Question 24. Question : Which contagious disease creates a primary skin lesion that is a pinpointed macule, papule, or wheal with hemorrhagic puncture site? Student Answer: Pediculosis Tinea capitis Scabies Rubeola Question 25. Question : What is a common source of tinea corporis? Student Answer: Mites Kittens Fleas Ticks 1. Question : A(n) _____ fracture is a fracture at a site of a preexisting bone abnormality, usually by a force that would not normally cause a fracture. Student Answer: idiopathic incomplete pathologic greenstick Instructor Explanation: A pathologic fracture is a break at the site of a preexisting abnormality, usually by force that would not fracture a normal bone. NR 507 WEEK 6 QUIZ (ADVANCED PATHO) Question 2. Question : Which of the following attaches skeletal muscle to bone? Student Answer: Tendon Ligament Bursa Mesentery Instructor Explanation: A tendon is fibrous connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bone. Question 3. Question : _____ is the temporary displacement of two bones in which the bone surfaces partially lose contact. Student Answer: Dislocation Subluxation Malunion Nonunion Instructor Explanation: Dislocation is the temporary displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint. If the contact between the two surfaces is only partially lost, the injury is called a subluxation. Question 4. Question : Which disorder is characterized by the formation of abnormal new bone at an accelerated rate beginning with excessive resorption of spongy bone? Student Answer: Osteomalacia Paget disease Osteoporosis Osteosarcoma Instructor Explanation: Paget disease (osteitis deformans) is a state of increased metabolic activity in bone characterized by abnormal and excessive bone remodeling, both resorption and formation. Chronic accelerated remodeling eventually enlarges and softens the affected bones. Question 5. Question : What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis? Student Answer: Reduced excretion of purines Overproduction of uric acid Increase in the glycosaminoglycan levels Overproduction of proteoglycans Instructor Explanation: When the uric acid reaches a certain concentration in fluids, it crystallizes, forming insoluble precipitates that are deposited in connective tissues throughout the body. Crystallization in synovial fluid causes acute, painful inflammation of the joint, which is a condition known as gouty arthritis. Question 6. Question : Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by Student Answer: paralysis of skeletal muscles resulting from impaired nerve supply. smooth muscle degeneration resulting from ischemia. lysis of skeletal muscle cells through the initiation of the complement cascade. release of myoglobin from damaged striated muscle cells. Instructor Explanation: Muscle cell damage releases the myoglobin. Question 7. Question : Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor activator of RANKL on osteoblasts and osteoclasts? Student Answer: ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts. ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts. ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts. ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts. Instructor Explanation: In addition to ERKs, RANKL is required for the antiapoptotic and thus longer life span of osteoclasts. These effects increase the life span of osteoclasts (i.e., longer bone resorbing) and shorten the life span of the bone-forming cells, or osteoblasts. Question 8. Question : Cerebral palsy is usually a result of Student Answer: brain ischemia during birth. prematurity. congenital defects. genetic defect. Instructor Explanation: Cerebral palsy is a static disorder of muscle tone and balance caused by an ischemic insult to the brain, usually perinatally. Question 9. Question : An insufficient dietary intake of vitamin _____ can lead to rickets in children. Student Answer: C B12 B6 D Instructor Explanation: Rickets results from either insufficient vitamin D, insensitivity to vitamin D, wasting of vitamin D by the kidney, or inability to absorb vitamin D and calcium in the gut. Question 10. Question : Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscles fibers to the basement membrane? Student Answer: Syntrophin Laminin Dystrophin Troponin Instructor Explanation: Dystrophin is present in normal muscle cells and absent in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin mediates anchorage of the actin cytoskeleton of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane through a membrane glycoprotein complex. Question 11. Question : Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with Student Answer: TP53. src. myc. TSC2. Instructor Explanation: The oncogene src also has been associated with osteosarcoma. Question 12. Question : Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is likely inherited from one’s Student Answer: father. mother. affected parent. maternal lineage. Instructor Explanation: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a mild form of progressive, autosomal dominant (the parent who carries the gene) muscular dystrophy. Question 13. Question : The _____ is cartilage that retains the ability to form and calcify new cartilage and deposit bone until the skeleton matures. Student Answer: epiphyseal line physeal plate epiphyseal cartilage metaphyseal plate Instructor Explanation: Until adult stature is reached, growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate through endochondral ossification. Question 14. Question : The total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from which serum laboratory test value? Student Answer: Albumin Blood urea nitrogen Creatinine Creatine Instructor Explanation: Little information is available about the numbers of fibers in a given muscle at various ages, but the total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from the amount of creatinine excreted in the urine, because the conversion of creatine to creatinine takes place only in muscle (see Chapter 41). Question 15. Question : Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta? Student Answer: Phosphorus Calcium Alkaline phosphatase Total protein Instructor Explanation: Serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated in all forms of the disease. Question 16. Question : Chickenpox may be followed years later by Student Answer: erysipelas. cytomegalovirus. warts (verrucae). herpes zoster. Instructor Explanation: Herpes zoster (shingles) and varicella (chickenpox) are caused by the same herpesvirus—VZV. Varicella is a primary infection followed years later by herpes zoster, particularly among those who are immunosuppressed. Question 17. Question : Scleroderma is more common in women and is associated with a(n) Student Answer: X-linked recessive gene. X-linked dominant gene. virus. autoantibodies. Instructor Explanation: Scleroderma means sclerosis of the skin, and the disease is associated with immune dysregulation and several autoantibodies. The disease is more prominent in women. Question 18. Question : Which immunoglobulin is found in skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation of people with discoid lupus erythematosus? Student Answer: IgA IgE IgG IgM Instructor Explanation: Skin biopsy with immunofluorescent observation reveals lumpy deposits of immunoglobulins, especially IgM, in some individuals. Question 19. Question : Keloids are sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scars caused by excessive amounts of _____ in the corneum during connective tissue repair. Student Answer: elastin collagen stroma reticular fibers Instructor Explanation: Keloids are caused by abnormal wound healing with excessive fibroblast activity and collagen formation during dermal connective tissue repair. Question 20. Question : Which cells of the dermis secrete connective tissue matrix? Student Answer: Macrophages Mast cells Fibroblasts Histiocytes Instructor Explanation: Fibroblasts secrete the connective tissue matrix and collagen. Question 21. Question : Which clinical manifestation is considered the hallmark of atopic dermatitis? Student Answer: Papular rash High fever Vesicles that burst and form crusts Itching Instructor Explanation: Itching is the hallmark of atopic dermatitis, and rubbing and scratching to relieve the itch are responsible for many of the clinical changes of atopic dermatitis. Question 22. Question : Thrush is a superficial infection that commonly occurs in children and is caused by Student Answer: Staphylococcus. Streptococcus. herpesvirus. Candida albicans. Instructor Explanation: C. albicans infection is a superficial fungal infection that commonly occurs in children. C. albicans is part of the normal skin flora in certain individuals and invades susceptible tissue sites if the predisposing factors are not eliminated. Question 23. Question : What is the cause of chickenpox? Student Answer: Poxvirus Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Adenovirus Human papillomavirus Instructor Explanation: Chickenpox (varicella) and herpes zoster (shingles) are produced by VZV. Question 24. Question : Which contagious disease creates a primary skin lesion that is a pinpointed macule, papule, or wheal with hemorrhagic puncture site? Student Answer: Pediculosis Tinea capitis Scabies Rubeola Instructor Explanation: The primary lesion of the body louse is a pinpoint red macule, papule, or wheal with a hemorrhagic puncture site. Question 25. Question : What is a common source of tinea corporis? Student Answer: Mites Kittens Fleas Ticks Instructor Explanation: As in tinea capitis, contact with kittens and puppies is a common source of the disorder.