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Physics Lab Report on the Circular Motion of a Conical Pendulum
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Physics Lab Report on the Circular Motion of a Conical Pendulum
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Study of Circular Motion in a Conical Pendulum1. Purpose
The purpose of this experiment is to study the effect of the rotational
motion of an object on the string attached to it. In this experiment,
the object is an air-plane attached to a string and it rotates in such a
way that the trajectory traces a right circular cone.
Here the tension generated in the string can be decomposed into two
resultant forces, one vertically upwards balancing the weight of the
air-plane and the other horizontal component balancing the centrifugal
force on the plane.
2. Tools Required
The tools required for this experiments are:
(a) A stop-watch
(b) A linear scale
(c) An inelastic string
(d) A toy air-plane
3. Proedure
First, an inelastic string is chosen. Length of the string is measured.
Then to check the elasticity, different tensile loads are given on the
string. If the string does not stretch or the stretch is negligible, the
string can be used in our experiment. With this string, the toy air-plane
is attached to the hook of a small disk connected to a motor. Then,
just before starting the motor, the toy plane is slightly dislodged from
its vertical position so that when the disk starts to rotate, the toy air-
plane will experience a centrifugal force and will start to rotate along
the circumference of a circle. The trajectory of the air-plane traces a
conical pendulum. This generates a tension in the string connecting
the plane to the hook. One end of the hook of the disk is attached to
a scale that measures the magnitude of the tension in the string. One
member of the team would measure the time required to complete one
1
, round around the circle. This time interval is called the time-period.
For a precise measurement, a single trial could be repeated for 3-4 times
and then take the average of the readings.
To change the speed of the air-plane, speed of the rotating disk should
be varied in different trials. The corresponding values of time-period,
tension in the string, angle made by the string with the vertical to be
noted and presented in a table.
2
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