Biology: Life on Earth 11th Edition Ch 24: Animal Diversity: Invertebrates
This document includes a summary as well as class notes of Ch 24 of Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition). It also includes important terms and definitions, and explanations.
Ch 24 Topics:
What are the key features of a...
CH 24: ANIMAL DIVERSITY I: INVERTEBRATES
What are the key features of animals?
Animals characteristics:
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Lack a cell wall
Heterotrophic
Sexual reproduction
Mobile
Rapid external stimuli response
Which anatomical features mark branch points on the animal evolutionary tree?
Lack of tissues in sponges sets them apart from other animals (early history)
o In sponges, independent cells have specialized functions (not forming tissues)
Animals with tissues exhibit radial or bilateral symmetry
o Radial (cnidarians: sea jellies, corals, anemones & ctenophores: come jellies)
Sessile: fixed in one spot
2 embryonic germ layers (tissue layers)
Endoderm: produce inner germ layer lining the gut
Ectoderm: produce outer layer covering outside the body
bisected into 2 equal halves (lacking well defined head) (don’t matter
how bisected)
o Bilateral:(remaining phyla with anterior head and posterior tail)
Motile: move under their own power
bisected into mirror images
evolution accompanies by cephalization: concentration of sensory organs
and brain in a well-defined head)
3 embryonic germ layers
Endoderm:
o produce inner germ layer lining the gut
o differentiates to form tissues lining respiratory surfaces,
the gut, hollow organs
Ectoderm:
o produce outer layer covering outside the body
o Forms nerve tissue and tissues on outer surface of body
Mesoderm:
o lies between the endoderm and ectoderm
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