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contractual terms tutorial work

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detailed, descriptive tutorial work to help improve grades and save time for law students

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  • June 18, 2021
  • 4
  • 2020/2021
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1. What are the principles by which a court classifies statements made in
a contractual context as “terms” (i.e. part of the contract) or pre-
contractual “representations” (which are not part of the contract)?
4 principles
timing – closer to time -> term, further away ->representation

importance – more important -> term
bannerman v white – sale of hops

in writing -> term
reduction to writing – if in written doc, more likely to be term –
if oral then more likely to be representation
heilbut, Symons v buckleton

if maker of statement has specialist knowledge -> term
dick Bentley v harold smith
esso petroleum v mardon
Oscar chess v williams

from case heilbut, Symons & co v buckleton

principles more like guidance – may not be relevant all the time

denning mentioned – should use objective test [what a reasonable
person would do] – to test the intention of parties
general requirement – courts will always use

textualism v contextualism – depend on amount of time, depends
on case

2. Why does the categorisation of a statement as either a term of the
contract or a mere representation matter? To ensure the party
achieves the best damages, better damages with representation

three types of terms – conditions [most important – without
contract not been concluded – termination and damages],
warranties [least important - damages] and innominate [in
middle, whatever remedy depends on situation]

to know final legal status or innominate terms – criteria

hong kong fir shipping – 20 weeks out of 24 months ship not in
use – court concluded it was warranty because still lot of benefit
left for enjoyment

if cannot get whole benefit then condition, if can its performance
then warranty, capable of being broken in trivial manner then
innominate

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