2021 HESI
Fundamentals
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HESI Fundamentals Exam
2021 HESI FUNDAMENTALS
1.A policy requiring the removal of acrylic nails by all nursing personnel was implemented 6 months ago. Which assessment measure bestdetermines if the intended outcome of the policy is being achieved.a.Number of staff induced injuryb.Client satisfaction surveyc. Health care-associated infectionrate.d.Rate of needle-stick injuries bynurse.2.The nurse is preparing to assist a newly admitted client with personal hygiene measures. The client...the client’s gag reflex. Which actionshould the nurse include?A.Offer smalls sips of water through astrawB.Place tongue blade on back half oftongueC.Use a penlight to observe back of oral cavityD.Auscultate breath sounds after client swallows3.The nurse explains to an older adult male the procedure for collecting a 24-hour urine specimen for creatinine clearance.A.Assess the client for confusion and reteach the procedureB.Check the urine for color and textureC.Empty the urinal contents into the 24-hour collection containerD.Discard the contents of the urinal4.A 54-year-old male client and his wife were informed this morning that he has terminal cancer. Which nursing intervention is likely to bemostA.Ask her how she would like to participate in the client’s careB.Provide the wife with information about hospiceC.Encourage the wife to visit after painful treatments are completedD.Refer her to support group for family members of those dying of cancer 5.A client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 30 is requesting information on the initial approach to a weight loss plan. Which actionshould the nurse recommend?A.Plan low carbohydrate and high proteinmealsB.Engage in strenuous activity for an hourdailyC.Keep a record of food and drinks consumed dailyD.Participated in a group exercise class 3 times a week6.The nurse assesses a client who has a nasal cannula delivering oxygen at 2 L/min. To assess for skin damage related to the cannula, whichareas should the nurse observe?A.Tops of the earB.Bridge of the noseC.Around the nostrilsD.Over the cheeksE.Across the forehead7.The nurse observes an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who is providing a total bed bath for a confused and lethargic client. TheUAP is soaking the client’s foot in a basin of warm water placed on the bed. What action should the nurse take?a.Remove the basin of water from the client’s bed immediatelyb.Remind the UAP to dry between the client’s toes completely c.Advise the UAP that this procedure is damaging to the skind.Add skin cream to the basin of water while the foot is soaking8.The nurse in the emergency department observes a colleague viewing the electronic health record (EHR) of a client who holds an electedposition in the community. The client is not a part of the colleague’s assignment. Which action should the nurseimplement?a.Communicate the colleague’s actions to the unit charge nurseb.Send an email to facility administration reporting the actionc.Write an anonymous complaint to a professional websited.Post a comment about the action on a staff discussion board9.At 0100 on a male client’s second postoperative night, the client states he is unstable to sleep and plans to read until feeling sleepy. Whataction should the nurse implement?a.Leave the room and close the door to the client’s roomb.Assess the appearance of the client’s surgical dressingc.Bring the client a prescribed PRN sedative-hypnoticd.Discuss symptoms of sleep deprivation with the client10.The nursing staff in the cardiovascular intensive care unit are creating a continuous quality improvement project on social media thataddresses coronary artery disease (CAD). Which action should the nurse implement to protect client privacy?a.Remove identifying information of the clients who participatedb.Recall that authored content may be legally discoverablec.Share material from credible, peer reviewed sources onlyd.Respect all copyright laws when adding website content11.A male client with unstable angina needs a cardiac catheterization, so the healthcare provider explains the risks and benefits of the procedure, and then leaves to set up for the procedure. When the nurse presents the consent form for signature, the client hesitates and askshow the wires will keep his heart going. Which action should the nurse take?a.Answer the client’s specific questions with a short understandable explanationb.Postpone the procedure until the client understands the risks and benefitsc.Call the client’s next of kin and ask them to provide verbal consentd.Page the healthcare provider to return and provide additional explanation12.The nurse is teaching a client how to do active range of motion (ROM) exercises. To exercise the hinge joints, which action should thenurse instruct the client to perform?a.Tilt the pelvis forwards and backwards b.bend the arm by flexing the ulnar to the humerus c.Turn the head to the right and leftd.Extend the arm at the ide and rotate in circles13.A postoperative client has three different PRN analgesics prescribed for different levels of pain. The nurse inadvertently administers adose that is not within the prescribed parameters. What actions should the nurse take first?a.Access for side effects of the medication.b.Document the client’s responses.c.complete a medication error report.d.Determine if the pain was relieved.14.When assessing a male client, the nurse finds that he is fatigue, and is experiencing muscle weakness, leg cramps, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Based on these findings, the nurse plans to check the client’s laboratory values to validate the existence of which?a.Hyperphosphatemiab.Hypocalcemiac.Hypermagnesemiad.Hypokalemia 15.A female client’s significant other has been at her bedside providing reassurances and support for the past 3days, as desired by the client.The client’s estranged husband arrives and demands that the significant other not be allowed to visit or be given condition updates. Which intervention should the nurse implement?a.Obtain a perception from the healthcare provider regarding visitation privilegesb.Request a consultation with the ethics committee for resolution of the situationc.Encourage the client to speak with her husband regarding his disruptive behaviord.Communicate the client’s wishes to all members of the multidisciplinary team16.When measuring vital signs, the nurse observes that a client is using accessory neck muscles during respirations. What follow-up actionshould the nurse take first?a.Determine pulse pressureb.Auscultate heart soundsc.Measure oxygen saturationd.Check for neck vein distention17.To avoid nerve injury, what location should the nurse select to administer a 3 mL IM injection?a.Ventroglutealb.outer upper quadrant of the buttockc.Two inches below the acromion processd.Vastus lateralis18.Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for an adult client with hypernatremia?a.Monitor daily urine output volumeb.Drink plenty of water whenever thirstyc.Use salt tablets for sodium contentd.Review food labels for sodium content19.While changing a client’s post operative dressing, the nurse observes a red and swollen wound with a moderate amount of yellow andgreen drainage and a foul odor. Given there is a positive MRSA, which is the most important action for the nurse totake?A.Force oral fluidsB.Request a nutrition consultC.Initiate contact precautionsD.Limit visitors to immediate family only20.To prepare a client for the potential side effects of a newly prescribed medication, what action should the nurse implement?a.Assess the client for health alterations that may be impacted by the effects of the medicationb.Teach the client how to administer the medication to promote the best absorptionc.Administer a half dose and observe the client for side effects before administering a full dosaged.Encourage the client to drink plenty of fluids to promote effective drug distribution21.A client is 2 days post-op from a thoracic surgery and is complaining of incisional pain. The client last received pain medication 2 hours ago. He is rating his pain a 5 on a 1-10 scale. After calling the provider, what is the nurse's next action?a.instruct the client to use guided imagery and slow rhythmic breathingb.Provide at least 20 minutes of back massage and gentle effleuragec.Encourage the client to watch TV.d.Place a hot water circulation device, such as an Aqua K pad, to operative site22.A client with cirrhosis and ascites is receiving furosemide 40 mg BID. The pharmacy provides 20 mg tablets. How many tablets shouldthe client receive each day? [Enter numeric value only]
4 tablets
23.An older adult male client is admitted to the medical unit following a fall at home. When undressing him, the nurse notes that he iswearing an adult diaper and skin breakdown is obvious over his sacral area. What action should the nurse implement first?a.Establish a toileting schedule to decrease episodes of incontinenceb.Complete a functional assessment of the client’s self-care abilitiesc.Apply a barrier ointment to intact areas that may be exposed to moistured.Determine the size and depth of skin breakdown over the sacral area24.While interviewing a client, the nurse records the assessment in the electronic health record. Which statement is most accurate regardingelectronic documentation during an interview?a.The client’s comfort level is increased when the nurse breaks eye contact to type notes into the recordb.The interview process is enhanced with electronic documentation and allows the client to speak at a normal pacec.The nurse has limited ability to observe nonverbal communication while entering the assessmentelectronicallyd.Completing the electronic record during an interview is a legal obligation of the examining nurse25.A female client with chronic back pain has been taking muscle relaxants and analgesics to manage the discomfort, but is now experiencing an acute episode of pain that is not relieved by this medication regime. The client tells the nurse that she does not want to have back surgery for a herniated intervertebral disk, and reports that she has found acupuncture effective in resolving past acute episodes. Which response is best for
the nurse to provide?
a.Surgery removes the disk and is the only treatment that can totally resolve the painb.The medication regimen you previously used should be re-evaluated for dose adjustmentc.Massage and hot pack treatments are less invasive and can provide temporary reliefd.Acupuncture is a complementary therapy that is often effective for management of pain26.The nurse is providing wound care to a client with stage 3 pressure ulcer that has a large amount of eschar. The wound care prescriptionstates “clean the wound and then apply collagenase.” collagenase is a debriding agent. The prescription does not specify a cleaning method.Which technique should the nurse cleanse the pressure ulcer?a.Lightly coat the wound with povidone-iodine solutionb.Irrigate the wound with sterile normal salinec.Flush the wound with sterile hydrogen peroxided.Remove the eschar with a wet-to-dry dressing27.A client is admitted with a fever of unknown origin. To assess fever patterns, which intervention should the nurse implement?a.Document the client’s circadian rhythmsb.Assess for flushed, warm skin regularlyc.Measure temperature at regularintervalsd.Vary sites for temperature measurement28.When performing blood pressure measurement to assess for orthostatic hypotension, which action should the nurse implement first?a.Position the client supine for a few minutesb.Assist the client to stand at thebedsidec.Apply the blood pressure cuffsecurelyd.Record the client’s pulse rate and rhythm
29.The nurse retrieves hydromorphone 4mg/mL from the Pyxis MedStation, an automated dispensing system, for a client who is receiving hydromorphone 3 mg IM 6 hours PRN severe pain. How many mL should the nurse administer to the client? (Enter the numerical value only. If rounding is required , round to the nearest tenth) Ans: 0.8
30.The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) describes the appearance of the bowel movement of several clients. Which descriptionwarrants additional follow up by the nurse? (select all that applies).
a.Solidwithred
streaks. b.Brown liquid.
c.Multiple hard pellets.
d.Formedbut
soft.
e.e.Tarry
appearance.
31.A female UAP is assigned to take the vital signs of a client with pertussis for whom droplet precautions have been implemented. TheUAP requests a change in assignment...she has not yet been fitted for a particulate filter mask.Which action should the nurse take?a.Advise the UAP to wear a standard face mask to take vital signs, and then get fitted for a filter mask before providing personal careb.Send the UAP to be fitted for a particulate filter mask immediately so she can provide care to this clientc.Instruct the UAP that a standard mask is sufficient for the provision of care for the assigned clientd.Before changing assignments, determine which staff members have fitted particulate filter masks32.In-home hospice care is arranged for a client with stage 4 lung cancer. While the palliative nurse is arranging for discharge, the clientverbalizes concerns about pain. What action should the nurse implement?a.Explain the respiratory problems that can occur with morphine use.b.Teach family how to evaluate the effectiveness of analgesics.c.Recommend asking the healthcare professional for a patient-controlled analgesic (PCA) pump.d.Provide client with a schedule of around-the-clock prescribed analgesic use.33.What assessment finding places a client at risk for problems associated with impaired skin integrity?a.Scattered macula of the faceb.Capillary refill 5 secondsc.Smooth nail textured.Absence of skin tenting34.When evaluating the effectiveness of a client’s nursing care, the nurse first reviews the expected outcomes identified in the plan of care.What action should the nurse take next?a.Determine if the expected outcomes were realisticb.Obtain current client data to compare with expected outcomesc.Modify the nursing interventions to achieve the client’s goalsd.Review related professional standards of care35.The nurse attaches a pulse oximeter to a client’s fingers and obtains an oxygen saturation reading of 91%. Which assessment findingmost likely contributes to this reading?a.BP 142/88 mmHgb.2+ edema of fingers and handsc.Radial pulse volume is +3d.Capillary refill time is 2 seconds36.The nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who was placed in restraints due to confusion. The family removes the restraints while theyare with the client. When the family leaves, what action should the nurse take first?a.Apply the restraints to maintain the client’s safety.b.Reassess the client to determine the need for continuing restraints.
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