1. The relative risk of developing lung cancer among individuals who smoke is
15.0. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of this
information?
A) Individuals who have lung cancer are 15.0% more likely to smoke than
individuals who do not have lung cancer.
B) Individuals who have lung cancer are 15.0 times more likely to smoke than
individuals who do not have lung cancer.
C) Individuals who smoke are 15.0 times more likely to develop lung cancer than
individuals who do not smoke.
D) Individuals who smoke are 15.0% more likely to develop lung cancer than
individuals who do not smoke.
2. A healthcare provider notices an outbreak of foodborne illness among
individuals who attended a holiday cookout. Which study type would be most
beneficial in identifying the source of the outbreak?
A) A case series
B) A retrospective cohort study
C) A cross-sectional survey
D) A case-control study
3. A researcher hopes to measure the exposure a large number of individuals who
have already developed lung cancer had to secondhand smoke throughout their
lifetime. Which study design may prove useful in helping the researcher measure
the exposure the individuals had to second hand smoke?
A) A case series
,B) A retrospective cohort study
C) A prospective cohort study
D) A case-control study
4. A researcher has a hypothesis that a specific drug may have a higher prevalence
of side effects among members of the African American population than members
of the Caucasian population. Which statistical technique might the researcher want
to use when designing a study to test their hypothesis?
A) Randomization
B) Crossover matching
C) Matching
D) Stratification
5. A new drug is released to market and it has been determined that the drug is
responsible for causing hypertension among those individuals who take the drug. If
30,276 individuals were prescribed the drug in its first year on the market and
17,620 individuals developed hypertension, what is the point prevalence of
hypertension among those individuals prescribed the drug, after the drug’s first
year on the market?
A) 0.00582
B) 0.05820
C) 0.58200
D) 5.82000
6. After attending a church cookout, a number of the attendees are admitted to the
emergency room with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. After discovering all the
individuals admitted to the ER consumed the egg salad at the event, the leftover
egg salad was tested and found to be positive for salmonella. If 83 individuals
consumed the egg salad and 49 individuals were admitted to the ER with
salmonella, what was the cumulative incidence of salmonella assuming that the 49
individuals admitted to the ER were the only ones to be affected by the bacteria?
, A) 0.041
B) 0.059
C) 0.410
D) 0.590
7. Drug manufactures of Drug X, which was released on the market 5 years ago to
treat Crohn’s disease, have noticed that many individuals treated with the drug
have developed drug-induced lupus. A cohort study was conducted for post-
marketing surveillance. It has documented that 6 individuals have developed drug-
induced lupus over the course of the past 5 years. If 1 individual developed the
disease at the 1-year mark, 3 developed the disease at the 2-year mark, 1 developed
the disease at the 3-year mark, and the final individual developed the disease at the
4-year mark, what is the incidence rate of drug-induced lupus?
A) 0.0429
B) 0.4290
C) 0.5710
D) 0.9571
8. In which situation would it be most appropriate to use the mean of the set of
numbers to describe the data set instead of the median?
A) 152, 157, 159, 163, 164, 165, 976
B) 0, 899, 906, 912, 915, 917, 919
C) 0, 57, 847, 859, 866, 866, 872
D) 165, 165, 177, 178, 186, 199, 211
9. A 95% confidence interval for relative risk of developing a bacterial infection
after having a surgery is (3.71, 5.33) when comparing a non-laparoscopic surgery
procedure to a laparoscopic surgery procedure. This indicates which of the
following?
A) The researchers are confident because the probability that these results would
occur is somewhere between 3.71% and 5.33%.
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