This notes contains brief but high yield explanation about the lymphatic system. It includes the different lymphatic organs, must knows about lymph and its circulation, and the lymph nodes.
ANATOMY
Lymphatic System
THYMUS
OUTLINE
I. Lymphatic organs • bilobed mass of tissue located in the mediastinum
a. Tonsils along the trachea behind the sternum
b. Spleen • involved in immunity
c. Thymus gland • site for lymphocyte production and maturation
d. Peyer’s patches • helps develop T lymphocytes in the fetus and in
e. Vermiform appendix infants for a few months after birth
f. Bone marrow
II. Lymph PEYER’S PATCHES (AGGREGATED LYMPHATIC
a. Lymphatic circulation FOLLICLES)
III. Lymph nodes
a. Structure • found in the wall of the SI
b. Function • resemble tonsils
• their macrophages destroy bacteria
LYMPHATIC ORGANS VERMIFORM APPENDIX
TONSILS • worm-like
• attached to the cecum (1st portion of the colon) and
• Form a protective ring (Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring) of contains a small lumen lined w/ mucosa and rich in
reticulo-endothelial cells against harmful lymphatic nodules
microorganisms that might enter the nose or oral • After birth, lymphoid tissue begins to develop in
cavity appendix, reaching peak amounts around age of 25
• More functional in children • assists in the maturing of B lymphocytes and produces
• As we age, tonsils decrease in size and may even Ig A antibodies
disappear in some individuals
TYPES
• Palatine- visible when you open your mouth and say
“ah”
• Pharyngeal- when enlarged and inflamed they are
called adenoids
• Lingual- located on the base of tongue
BONE MARROW
• occupies the marrow cavity in long & short bones and
the interstices of the cancellous bone in flat & irregular
bones
SPLEEN • At birth, the marrow is red and hematopoietic
o This blood-forming activity gradually lessens
• Oval in shape w/ age, and the red marrow is replaced by
• Single, largest mas of lymphatic tissue in the body yellow marrow
• Found in the left upper corner of the abdominal cavity • At 7 years of age, yellow marrow begins to appear in
• Filters blood and phagocytoses bacteria and worn-out the distal bones of the limbs
platelets and RBCs o This replacement of marrow gradually moves
o This action releases Hgb to be recycled proximally, so that by the time the person
• Also produces lymphocytes and plasma cells becomes an adult, red marrow is restricted to
the bones of the skull, vertebral column,
thoracic cage, girdle bones, and head of
humerus & femur
LYMPH
• After blood travels through capillary beds and is
moved to the venous system, some of its fluid is left
behind in the tissues and is called lymph
• clear, colorless liquid with a composition similar to
blood plasma
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