POL 120 2021 Final Exam July complete questions and answers solution (Fayetteville Technical Community College)

POL 120 2021 Final Exam July complete questions and answers solution (Fayetteville Technical Community College) • Question 1 When a member of Congress from a farming state consistently favors legislation that benefits the dairy industry, this is an example of . Answers : a. pork barreling b. national lawmaking c. partisanship d. policy representation • Question 2 The corporate nature of the American media caused . Answers : a. newspapers to become more expensive b. newspapers to become remarkably similar c. advertisers to dictate the content of the news d. increased coverage of business news • Question 3 Barbour and Wright characterize the range of ideological debate in the United States as . Answers : a. unchanging since the time of the American Revolution b. narrower today than during the Cold War c. wide, but shrinking as libertarians begin to fade from American politics d. relatively narrow compared to many other democracies • Question 4 is an interpretation of a politician’s words or actions designed to present a favorable image. Answers : a. A sound bite b. Priming c. Framing d. Spin • Question 5 The invention of the radio was important for politics because . Answers : a. it guaranteed that news reporting would be more accurate b. people were tired of reading newspapers c. it allowed radio hosts and their guests to air their opinions on politics d. it made news reporting less sensationalized • Question 6 A sensational headline for an online article intended to receive the most traffic rather than inform readers is known as . Answers : a. corporate media b. consumer indicator c. gatekeeping d. clickbait • Question 7 The rights given Blacks in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments did not really help African Americans following the Civil War because . Answers : a. Congress, the president, and southern state governments made little effort to enforce them b. the nation was slow to ratify these amendments c. African Americans were not allowed access to courts d. the amendments did not apply to all the states • Question 8 Which of the following best describes the major difference between anarchy and democracy? Answers : a. There are multiple governments. b. The government controls the economy. c. There is no government. d. The government runs by consensus rather than majority rule. • Question 9 Most politicians like radio and television because these media . Answers : a. do not give reporters the opportunity to ask questions b. always allow for interaction with audiences c. are inexpensive d. allow politicians to reach a broad audience without the adversarial questions of print reporters • Question 10 Which of the following is an example of a procedural policy? Answers: a. Title IX b. affirmative action c. busing d. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Question 11 The impact of the deregulation of broadcast journalism by the 1996 Telecommunications Act has been to . Answers: a. increase competition in the news media b. increase the possibilities of media monopoly c. increase newspaper circulation d. increase the quality of news coverage • Question 12 The 1996 Telecommunications Act . Answers : a. prohibited broadcast networks from owning cable stations b. created the equal time rule c. exempted cable stations from the same standards of fairness and decency required of broadcast stations d. allowed ownership of multiple broadcast stations as long as those stations did not reach more than 35% of the market • Question 13 Which of the following is unconstitutional? Answers : a. fulfilling quotas of minorities in school admissions b. desegregating schools with busing c. economic boycotts d. affirmative action programs in hiring • Question 14 What is the defining difference between authoritarian governments and democratic governments? Answers : a. balance of power between government and citizens b. size of the executive branch and role of the judiciary c. frequency of voting and elections d. general level of wealth and prosperity of their publics • Question 15 Congress balances responsibilities to voters, national problems, and . Answers: a. party b. the Supreme Court c. the president d. symbolic representation • Question 16 A reporter looking at the ways cell phone companies overcharge their customers is an example of journalism. Answers : a. interpretive/investigator b. muckraker c. disseminator d. gatekeeper • Question 17 Which statement best describes the distribution of power during the founding period? Answers : a. The nation was composed of competing elites. b. The divisiveness of the new nation’s elites led to a stalemate in the attempt to solve the nation’s problems. c. The new nation’s elites were particularly concerned with promoting voters’ rights. d. The new nation’s elites went to great lengths to promote equality among ordinary citizens. • Question 18 Which of the following is an example of national law making? Answers : a. The Civil Rights Act was passed by Congress in 1964. b. when Texas or California adopts new educational standards other states usually follow c. the president endorsing a candidate in a state senate race d. when the Supreme Court hears a case and determines a verdict • Question 19 According to studies, Americans tend to be . Answers a. not very knowledgeable about politics : b. very knowledgeable about politics c. knowledgeable about officeholders, but not knowledgeable about issues d. knowledgeable about issues, but not knowledgeable about officeholders • Question 20 In an authoritarian system, the people have . Answers : a. rights but no obligations b. rights and obligations c. obligations but no rights d. neither rights nor obligations • Question 21 According to Barbour and Wright, people deny rights to others because . Answers: a. they do not believe in democratic values b. rights are important sources of power c. the Constitution demands the creation of “ins” and “outs” d. they are psychologically damaged in some way • Question 22 A presidential speechwriter who then took a job as a syndicated columnist and later returned as a domestic policy adviser to a member of Congress illustrates . Answers : a. bias b. the revolving door c. press–politics integration d. cyclical journalism • Question 23 Generally speaking, economic liberals believe that . Answers : a. people who do not belong to the dominant ethnic group in their society have nothing to add to it b. the government can ignore and violate the rights of noncitizens at will c. decisions on moral issues should be made by individuals and not the government d. government institutions cannot be trusted to make good economic decisions • Question 24 Yellow journalism refers to . Answers : a. investigative reporting b. the effort to lure audiences by reporting on sensational topics c. the tendency to add spin to news reporting d. factual coverage of national news stories • Question 25 What percentage of Americans receives news from radio? Answers : a. 25 b. 18 c. 67 d. 37 • Question 26 Ideologies on the democratic left would likely advocate . Answers : a. a large role for the government in regulating the economy b. economic freedom but not political equality c. that all individual political activity be in the service of the state d. conservative policies based on popular sovereignty • Question 27 Government in which citizens choose members of a legislature to make policy, rather than making it themselves, was favored by Madison and included in the Constitution because the founders . Answers : a. were used to government by elites, so it did not occur to them to allow the people to govern themselves b. did not think the states would accept direct public involvement in government c. believed it would be harder for the wealthy elites to dominate a legislature than to buy the support of citizens d. believed direct government was impractical and less likely to produce good public policy • Question 28 The major difference between the elitist, pluralist, and participatory theories of democracy is related to the . Answers: a. importance of security as a goal of government b. role of the people in decision-making c. importance of the economy d. role of the mass media • Question 29 Which group would advocate for the least amount of government intervention in the economy? Answers : a. social liberals b. libertarians c. economic liberals d. communitarians • Question 30 Investigative magazines like Mother Jones and Consumer Reports are . Answers: a. funded by subscribers and nonprofit entities b. owned by a major news media outlet c. funded by the government d. used by the rich and powerful to spin unfavorable news • Question 31 Excessive press coverage of an embarrassing or scandalous subject is called . Answers: a. a feeding frenzy b. priming c. framing d. narrowcasting • Question 32 The most recent change in the way news is being disseminated and how candidates are creating networks of supporters is . Answers : a. monetary compensation for supporters b. more Americans are reading newspapers on Kindle or other electronic readers c. information is spread more and more by word of mouth nowadays d. the use of Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and other social networking sites for these purposes • Question 33 According to social contract theory, government requires a contractual agreement among citizens because . Answers : a. it is harder for the propertied classes to dominate b. lawyers control government through specialization and credentials c. it is the easiest way to create a government and prevent anarchy and subsequent dictatorships d. citizens are free and self-interested individuals who require a contract to regulate their collective lives • Question 34 Barbour and Wright’s comparison of American social welfare programs with Social Security suggests that . Answers : a. Social Security remains popular while social welfare programs have been curtailed b. neither group of programs has many zealous supporters in Congress c. both programs face serious opposition from interest groups such as the AARP d. considerable majorities of the public would like to see both programs massively expanded • Question 35 What percentage of Americans receives news from newspapers? Answers : a. 18 b. 67 c. 25 d. 37 • Question 36 The role of gatekeepers is to . Answers : a. establish funding b. confine their role to getting the facts of the story straight c. decide the details about what news gets covered d. interpret complex problems • Question 37 Because television is an entertainment medium, its coverage of political events focuses on . Answers : a. rhetoric b. only important issues c. controversial topics d. image • Question 38 The tendency of the media to make coverage and programming decisions based on what will attract a large audience and maximize profits is known as . Answers : a. infotainment b. narrowcasting c. yellow journalism d. commercial bias • Question 39 The key difference between pure capitalist economies and pure socialist economies is that . Answers : a. capitalist economies are seldom democracies, whereas socialist economies frequently are democracies b. the government plays a regulatory role only in socialist economies c. politicians make economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas the market controls economic decisions in socialist economies d. the market controls economic decisions in capitalist economies, whereas politicians make economic decisions in socialist economies • Question 40 The new movement toward having everyday people act as journalists and report the news directly on social media or blogs is known as . Answers: a. commercial journalism b. citizen journalism c. front-loading d. muckraking • Question 41 A key distinction between newspapers and social media is that newspapers news content while social media is a . Answers: a. censor; distributor b. distribute; censor c. source; producer d. produce; source • Question 42 Selective perception shows us that . Answers : a. people become more informed when they have selective perception b. viewers do more than passively receive news and values presented by the media c. media coverage of politics focuses on nothing more than conflict and image d. priming is the overriding impact on what news people receive • Question 43 The most basic consequence of the concentrated corporate ownership of the news is . Answers : a. fewer advertisements b. commercial bias c. higher taxes d. less political news • Question 44 If a country is facing a major economic recession a Keynesian adviser would most likely counsel the leaders to . Answers : a. seize control of the major banks and redistribute their assets to voters b. push a major tax cut and government spending bill through Congress c. provoke a war to jump-start military spending d. ask the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates and print more money • Question 45 In the United States, the media is most influenced by . Answers : a. censorship b. public interest c. profit motive d. government regulation • Question 46 The Tea Party movement is important to examine in light of the politics of the American founding because . Answers : a. it highlights the tension between government authority and individual rights of citizens b. militia movements are drafting their own constitutions c. it shows that people are too apathetic to demonstrate against the government d. it illustrates the tension between the Second Amendment and the right to free speech • Question 47 An example of a policy that an economic liberal would most likely support is . Answers : a. opposite-sex (traditional) marriage b. unemployment insurance c. devolution of power to the states d. privatization of governmental resources • Question 48 What percentage of Americans receives news from local television? Answers : a. 18 b. 25 c. 37 d. 67 • Question 49 Defining for the public the relative importance of an issue through the amount and prominence of coverage it receives is referred to as . Answers : a. agenda-setting capacity b. revolving door c. muckraking d. liberal bias • Question 50 “I don’t even bother to follow politics. It’s a waste of time for nothing,” says Curtis. Curtis is exhibiting . Answers : a. rational ignorance b. self-interested citizenship c. on-line processing d. public-interested citizenship