ATI TEAS 6 General Anatomy & Physiology of a Human(LATEST UPDATE 2021). ALREADY GRADED A+

General Anatomy & Physiology of a Human - Lowest hierarchy is at the organelles within a cell - Cells with the same functions collected into larger groups - tissues - Tissues are collected into organs which carry out a single task - Organs work together in organ systems that perform large-scale functions Cell Parts - Organelles - cell parts that function within a cell o Coordinate with other organelles to perform a cell’s basic functions - Ribosomes - carry out protein synthesis - Golgi Apparatus - modifies & packages proteins secreted from a cell - Mitochondria - convert energy present in chemical bonds of food accessible to the cell - Nucleus - stores & processes instructions contained in the DNA that tell the cell what its functions are Cells - Smallest living unit of life - In humans, some cells function autonomously; ex. Phagocytic white blood cells - Cells highly specialized to perform a specific function Organs - Structures composed of several types of tissues & perform one or more functions Organ Systems - Functional units composed of several organs - Functions include: digestion of food, circulation of nutrients, removal of wastes, & reproduction Vocab: - Anatomical Position: standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands forward - Cells: the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things are created - Cellular functions: Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement - Directional Terminology: Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements - Organelle: a specialized part of a cell that has a specific function - Organ: a self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function - Reference planes: Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, transverse, and coronal - Tissue: a group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs - Superior: Toward the head/upper part of a structure (bird’s-eye view, looking down) - Inferior: Away from the head/lower part of a structure (bottom view, looking up) - Lateral- Farther from midline - Medial- Nearer to midline - Superficial- Close to the surface of the body. - Deep- Away from the surface of the body - Proximal- Nearer to the origination of a structure. - Distal- Farther from the origination of a structure. - Anterior- At or near the front of the body - Posterior- At or near the back of the body - Prone- Patient laying on their belly, arms that the side. - Supine- Patient laying on their back, arms that the side. Circulatory System – Khan Academy Jobs of the heart: - Systemic flow (entire body) - Pulmonary Flow (blood to & from the lungs) Coronary blood vessels - Serving the heart muscle itself - Serve the needs of cells - Fall under the category of systemic flow Vein = blood going towards the heart Artery = blood going away from the heart Valves in the heart are there to keep blood moving in the right direction Pulmonary = lungs *bicuspid valve also known as the MITRAL valve Pulmonary Circulation - Relying on the right ventricle as the pump - Deoxygenated blood Systemic Ventricle - Relying on the left ventricle as the pump - Deliver all the blood to the various organs; organs then use up oxygen Red Blood Cell - Has no mitochondria, so it is not really using oxygen - No nucleus - Made for the purpose of carrying around oxygen