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Blood
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Introduction to Blood
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Blood
Overview of Blood circulation
Blood leaves the heart via arteries that branchrepeatedly until theybecome capillaries
Oz r nutrients diffuseacross capillarywalls enter tissues
cozywastes move from tissues intothe blood
O2 deficient blood leaves the capillaries oflows in viens to the heart
Blood flows to the longs where it releases coz r picks up 02
02 rich blood returns to the heart
Composition of blood
Blood is the only fluid tissue
Made up of liquidplasma's formed elements
Formed elements include Erthocytes red blood cells RBCs
Leukocytes white blood cells WBCs
Platelets
Hematocrit of RBCs out of total blood volume 454 in healthy people
components of whole blood
,Physical characteristics r Volume
Blood is sticky opaque fluid metallic taste due to iron
bright oxygenated red dark deoxygenated red
pH 7.35 7.45 slightly alkaline
38 C
Avg volume i 5 6L formales 4 52 for females males are bigger than female
Accounts for 8 of bodyweight
Functions of Blood
of functions i
1 Substance distribution
Ozfrom the longs ornutrients from the digestive tract
Metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs or kidneys for elimination
Horomones from endocrine glands to target organs
2 Regulation of blood levels of particular substances
Regulatebody temp by absorbing 2 distributing heat shiveringto warm
pH in body tissues using buffer systems bicarbonate ions
Fluid volume in circulatory system osmotic pressure
3 Body protection Hemostasis
Prevents blood loss by i
Activating plasma protients z platelets
Initiating clotformation when a vessel is broken
Prevents infection by i
Synthesizing r utilizing antibodies
, Activating complement proteins
Activating WBCs to defend the body against foreign invaders
Blood Plasma liquid component
Contains over 100 solutes includingi almost all made byliver
Proteins albumin d B gglobulin clottingproteins others
Lacticacid urea creatinine
Organic nutrients glucose carbohydrates aminoacids
Electrolytes sodium potassium calcium chloride bicarbonate
Respiratory gases oxygen or carbondioxide
Formed Elements
Erythrocytes leukocytes andplatelets make up formed elements
Only WBCs are complete cells true cells
RBCs have no nuclei or organelles platelets are
just cell fragments
Most formedelements survive in the blood stream foronly a few days
Most blood cells donot divide bot are renewed by cells in bone marrow
Erythrocytes RBCs
Biconcave discs anucleate no nucleus noorganelles
Major factor contributing to blood viscosity make blood more viscous
Filled with hemoglobin a protein that functions in gas transport
Contain plasma membrane protein spectrin r otherprotiens that
give RBCs their flexibility r allow them to change shape
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