1. What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
2. Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured?
3. When endothelia cells are injured, which alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
4. Which factor is responsible for h...
NSG 5003 Week 4 Knowledge Check Quiz (Latest): Advanced Pathophysiology NSG 5003 Week 4 Knowledge Check Quiz: Advanced Pathophysiology Question 1 (0.5 points) What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) in atherosclerosis? Question 1 options: a) LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation. b) LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques. c) LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines. d) LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium. Question 2 (0.5 points) Which inflammatory cytokines are released when endothelial cells are injured? Question 2 options: a) Granulocyte -macrophage colony -stimulating factor (GM -CSF) b) Interferon -beta (IFN -β), interleukin 6 (IL -6), and granulocyte colony -stimulating factor (G - CSF) c) Tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF -α), interferon -gamma (IFN -γ), and interleukin 1 (IL- 1) d) Interferon -alpha (IFN -α), interleukin 12 (IL -12), and macrophage colony -stimulating factor (M-CSF) Question 3 (0.5 points) When endothelia cells are injured, which alteration contributes to atherosclerosis? Question 3 options: a) Toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are released. b) Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines . c) Cells produce an increased amount of antithrombotic cytokines. d) Cells develop hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids. Question 4 (0.5 points) Which factor is responsible for hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with hypertension? Question 4 options: a) Increased norepinephrine b) Adducin c) Angiotensin II d) Insulin resistance Question 5 (0.5 points) What effect does atherosclerosis have on the development of an aneurysm? Question 5 options: a) Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima. b) Atherosclerosis increases nitric oxide. c) Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall. d) Atherosclerosis obstructs the vessel.
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