This document is a summary of our discussion on pharmacognosy, particularly on photochemistry which is divided into six parts namely, the introduction, solvents of extraction, phytochemical screening methods, fractionation and purification methods, chromatographic techniques, and identification tec...
PRIMARY METABOLITES ➔ Considered as the most
PHYTOCHEMISTRY abundant but less
pharmacological use.
Hence, they are used
widely because they
used to grow their
1 INTRODUCTION primary purposes for the
plant itself.
2 SOLVENTS OF EXTRACTION ➔ If there are no primary
3 PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING METHODS metabolites, the plant
4 FRACTIONATION will die.
AND PURIFICATION METHODS ➔ play recognized roles in
photosynthesis,
5 CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES respiration, solute
6 IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES transport, translocation,
nutrient assimilation and
INTRODUCTION: differentiation.
Includes:
PLANTS o chlorophyll,
➔ have served human beings as a natural source for o amino acids,
treatments and therapies from ancient times, amongst o nucleotides,
them medicinal herbs have gain attention because of its o simple carbohydrates or
wide use and less side effects. o membrane lipids
➔ In the recent years plant research has increased
SECONDARY METABOLITES ➔ are synthesized by the
throughout the world and a huge number of evidences
plants as part of the
have been collected to show immense potential of
defense system of the
medicinal plants used in various traditional systems
plant
➔ are responsible for many
PURPOSES OF o Extraction biological or
PHYTOCHEMISTRY: o Screening pharmacological
o Identification of the medicinally activities
active substances found in ➔ less abundant
plants. ➔ The plant itself can grow
BIOACTIVE o flavonoids without the secondary
SUBSTANCES THAT o alkaloids metabolites
CAN BE DERIVED o carotenoids ➔ However, in
FROM PLANTS: o tannin phytochemistry, these
o antioxidants are the important ones
o phenolic compounds to know if they are
present for research and
BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES development
➔ A natural product plays an important role in the field ➔ Isolated to become a
of new drugs research and development because of drug
their low toxicity, easy availability and cost effective. Some of the secondary
GENERAL CATEGORIES o grasses, metabolites that may be present
OF PLANT MATERIALS: o rushes, includes:
o barks, o alkaloids,
o woods, o terpenoids,
o gourds, o saponins,
o stems, o phenolic compounds,
o roots, o flavonoids, and
o seeds, o tannins
o leaves.
Akateca8
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