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Samenvatting Becker's World of the Cell, Global Edition, ISBN: 9781292177694 Celbiologie
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samenvatting van structuur van een dierlijke cel
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Hoofdstuk 2: structuur van een dierlijke cel2.1 celmembraan (CM)
2.2 kern of nucleus
2.3 organellen
2.3.1 endoplasmatisch reticulum (ER)
2.3.2 Golgi-apparaat (GA) en endosomen
2.3.3 lysosomen
2.3.4 peroxisomen
2.3.5 mitochondriën
2.4 cytoplasma (CP)
2.5 cytoskelet (CS)
2.1 celmembraan
Functies(2): fysieke barrière tssn cel en omgeving (SELECTIEF
PERMEABEL*), houdt inhoud samen
Dubbele lipidelaag(fosfolip., sfingolip., cholesterol) -- > eiwitten geass.
Hydrofiele, polaire kop
Hydrofobe, apolaire staarten
Hydrofiele, polaire kop
Extracellulair milieu cytosol/cytoplasma
*Niet: geladen molecul, ionen, deels: grote/kleine, ongeladen polaire mol, wel:
kleine, apolaire mol
Asymm verdeling lipid. binnenblad vs buitenblad
, buitenblad: glycolipid. (suikergr)binnenblad: fosfolipid. (signaalfctie)
verschillen in lipiden-samenstelling: bepalen fluïditeit van membraan
CEL IS NIET RIGIDE MAAR HEEFT
caveolae of rafts(cholest.rijke gebieden) ZEKERE RIGIDITEIT
= RIGIDE
bep. door lengte vzketens (hoe langer, hoe meer verzadigd en hoe
meer rigide) WNT HYDROFOBE PACKING IS COMPACTER
Geassoc. met eiwitten: membraaneiwitten (3)
Amfipathisch: hydrofobe delen: in de membraan, hydrofiele delen:
steken naar buiten (geglycolyseerd,
glycoproteïnen):GLYCOCALIX(sign.fctie) of in cel
(1)Transmembranaire eiwitten – overspannen ganse membraan(1 of meer
keer)
Rol als receptor transporteiwit: pompen, transp. ionen en
hydrofiele of kanaaltjes voor ion. als samenklitten
(2)Ankereiwitten – bindingsplaats cytoskeleteiwit.
verank. CS aan CM (+ zitten zelf verank. aan CM via covalente lipid.
modific.)
(3)Perifere eiwitten(enzymes)
plakken aan CM of membraaneiwit. via nt-covalente bind. =
KATALYSEREN
2.2 Kern of nucleus
=CONTROLEKAMER CEL + BEVAT GEN INFO
Structuur
BUITENSTE MEMBRAAN NUCLEAIRE ENVELOPPE
dubbele (NUCLEAIRE PORIËN – transport
BINNENSTE MEMBRAAN eiwit., ribosom en RNA naar CP)
membraan
rust op laagje eiwit (NUCLEAIRE LAMINA)
delende cel vs nt-delende cel
Chromatine gecondenseerd tot
DNA – chromatine (DNA geass met chromosomen (gelijkmatige
bvb histonen verdeling DNA na replicatie)
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