Excellent quality summary notes for Chapter 13 of the Honours module in Psychology at Unisa (PYC4805). Perfect for assignments, multiple choice, essays and examinations. The notes were created using the book - Adult Development & Aging (2019), Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields (8th edition).
Test Bank For Adult Development and Aging 8th Edition by John C. Cavanaugh, Fredda Blanchard-Fields 9781337559089 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide.
Test Bank For Adult Development and Aging 8th Edition by John C. Cavanaugh, Fredda Blanchard-Fields 9781337559089 Chapter 1-14 Complete Guide.
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PYC4805 - Developmental Psychology (PYC4805)
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PYC 4805 – Developmental
Psychology
Chapter 13–
Dying and Bereavement
, 1. Kübler-Ross’s Work:
• Elizabeth Kübler-Ross changed the way we approach dying.
- When she began her investigation into the dying process in the 1960s, such research was
controversial; Her physician colleagues initially were outraged and some even denied their
patients were terminally ill.
• More than 200 interviews with terminally ill people convinced her most people experienced
several emotional reactions.
- Using her experiences, she described five reactions that represented the ways people
dealt with death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
• Although they were first presented as a sequence, it was subsequently realized the
emotions can overlap and be experienced in different order.
• Although she believed these five stages represent the typical range of emotional
development in the dying, Kübler-Ross cautioned not everyone experiences all of them or
progresses through them at the same rate or in the same order.
• We could actually harm dying people by considering these stages as fixed and universal.
- Individual differences are great.
• Emotional responses may vary in intensity throughout the dying process.
• The goal in applying Kübler-Ross’s ideas to real-world settings would be people achieve an
appropriate death: one that meets the needs of the dying person, allowing him or her to
work out each problem as it comes.
1.1. A Contextual Theory of Dying:
• Corr identified four dimensions of the issues or tasks a dying person faces from their
perspective: bodily needs, psychological security, interpersonal attachments, and spiritual
energy and hope.
- This holistic approach acknowledges individual differences and rejects broad
generalizations.
• Corr’s task work approach also recognizes the importance of the coping efforts of family
members, friends, and caregivers as well as those of the dying person.
• Kastenbaum and Thuell argue what is needed is an even broader contextual approach that
takes a more inclusive view of the dying process.
- They point out theories must be able to handle people who have a wide variety of terminal
illnesses and be sensitive to dying peoples own perspectives and values related to death.
• The socio-environmental context where dying occurs often changes over time and must be
recognized.
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