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Halides, Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids (OChem)
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Introducing halides, alcohols and carboxylic acids and their respective naming rules and classifications
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halides .alcohols ,
carboxylic acids
halides compound where one or more hydrogen is replaced by a halogen nomenclature
:
'
only exist as branches . do not modify parent name F fluoro : -
prefixes ,
generally either polar / non Cl Chloro follows same
:
toxic
polar
' -
-
,
Br Bromo naming races
:
←
-
ex ) B
replace
? methyl Ñ
halogen I :
Iodo -
as branches
cld a) draw 2-3 dicnloro -414 2- ene
dimethyl pent
- -
s ,
3
CI
y
a
Cl make sure to indicate halogen
1- bromo 2,4 di chloro
cyclopentane
-
-
alcohols :
presence of a
hydroxyl group (-01-1) gives alcohols its characteristics
-
not to be confused Ñ Hydroxide ions 101-1-1 all alcohols are toxic
!
higher melting boiling point better
solubility in water (H bonding)
'
-
.
methane methanol
↳ causes
µ it effect stronger Ñ small
H blindness
H C alcohols
-
µ
q OH less noticeable as
-
-
-
,
" b. p . -162°C 1- I b.
p
.
65°C Chain gets
longer
ethanol adult beverages (too much alcohol
poisoning )
:
→
-
multiple OH
alcohols
OH
, use di . tri , etc . . . don't drop the -
e
pentane -2,4 -
did
if OH is a branch name it as
hydroxyl
•
-
-
,
alcohol takes chain must include
group priority parent OH
- -
-
! indicate
↳ drop -
e ,
replace Ñ -01 location
prop -2 -
en -
i -
ol pentane -
2- 4- diol
2
OH 0,1-1 414
3
/
,
.
Classification of alcohols
:
look at carbon attached to OH -
,
# of C →
type ofak .
Primary 11° ) alcohol
:
one other Caltacned draw ÷
name 2 butane
÷
secondary 127 alcohol
:
two other C attached alcohols
at
classify them
(5) alcohol three other C attached
~
:
tertiary
~
butane -2-4 baton to -
2° 1°
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