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Biology Paper 2 clarification
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This document gives the topics within paper 2 and explains them in its simplest form with key facts. Very useful to remember key facts and the basics of each topic.
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DNA AND GENES
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11 Flashcards
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Flashcards
11 Flashcards
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
DNA + GENES QUICK DESCRIPTION
Answer: - A gene is a small section of DNA on a chromosome -(smallest to largest): gene - DNA - chromosome - nucleus - cells -DNA consists of two strands (each strand is a polymer). Two strands wrap in a double helix structure
2.
What is a Polymer?
Answer: A polymer means that each strand is made by joining together other smaller molecules
3.
DNA - ZOOMED DESCRIPTION
Answer: DNA is actually a polymer as they are made up of little units called Monomers Each Monomer is called a nucleotide Nucleotide: any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA
4.
4 different bases of DNA
Answer: adenine (A) thymine (T) cytosine (C) guanine (G) *only complementary bases can pair so: A and T C and G
5.
GENE
Answer: a gene: a particular sequence of bases codes for protein -Each group of 3 bases is called a triplet and codes for a specific amino acids (i.e. \\\'ACT\\\')
6.
Main uses of proteins
Answer: Main uses of protein: -enzymes ~ act as biological catalysts -hormones -Structural proteins
Content preview
BIOLOGYTopics:
-DNA AND GENES
-RESPONDING TO STIMULI
-BIODIVERSITY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION (MEIOSIS)
-INHERITANCE (punnet square)
-CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS (BIOMES)
-DEFORESTATION
DNA AND GENES
-Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells. Chromosomes contain the molecule DNA.
1
, BIOLOGY
-Each human body cell contains 46 chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (23 from mother, 23 from
father).
-DNA consists of two strands (each strand is a polymer). The two strands wrap around each other to form a double helix.
-DNA is found in chromosomes.
-A gene is a small section of DNA on a chromosome.
-Proteins are made by joining together amino acids. Each gene encodes for a specific sequence of amino acids to make a
specific protein.
-The genome is the entire genetic material of an organism. So, the human genome is the entire genetic material that
makes a human.
-Understanding the genome will help us to search for genes that are linked to a disease (e.g. genes that increase the risk of
developing cancer or Alzheimer’s disease).
-Understanding the human genome will help us to understand and treat inherited disorders e.g. cystic fibrosis.
-We can use the human genome to trace human migration patterns from the past.
DNA AND GENES – CLARIFICATION
-Largest to smallest: CELLS → NUCLEUS → Chromosome → DNA → Gene
-“DNA consists of 2 strands (each strand is a polymer).”Polymer means that each strand is made by joining together other smaller molecules.
2
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