Placental implantation:Occurs between 6-10 days after conception.
, Twins:
Monozygotic Twins (Identical Twins): The union of a single ovum and spermatozoon
that later divide into two. Twin to twin transfusions and cord accidents.
Monoamniotic-Monochorionic: One sac and one placenta
Monochorionic-Diamniotic: Two separate sacs and one placenta.
Dizygotic twins (Fraternal/Non-identical twins):Fertilization of two different eggs with
two different sperms. During ovulation two mature eggs (ova) are expelled and are
fertilized by two different sperm.
Diamniotic-Dichorionic: Two separate sacs and two fused placentas.
Diamniotic-Dichorionic: Two separate sacs and two separate placentas.
Hormones of pregnancy:
Estrogen:Causes increased vascularity of the mucous membranes of the upper
respiratory tract. As the capillaries become engorged, edema and hyperemia develop
within the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea. This congestion may cause nasal and sinus
stuffiness, epistaxis (nosebleed), and deepening of the voice. It also causes edema of the
eardrum and Eustachian tubes may result in a sense of fullness in the ears. Also bleeding
gums, ptyalism (excess production of saliva), and decreased bladder tone.
Progesterone: Keeps uterus and blood vessels relaxed and accommodates increased
blood volume that increases cardiac output but not the BP. Allows the bladder to hold
more urine because it relaxes it and causes urine stasis. Keeps them gregnant.
Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG): Elevations expected during
pregnancy. Increases the availability of glucose to the fetus. Prepares breasts for
lactation.
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