Summary Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition, ISBN: 9781259642234 From Perception to Consciousness (5102PETB6Y)
14 views 0 purchase
Course
Van Perceptie Tot Bewustzijn (5102PETB6Y)
Institution
Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)
Book
Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition
Summary study book Principles of Neural Science, Sixth Edition of Eric Kandel, John D. Koester (hoofdstuk 21) - ISBN: 9781259642234, Edition: 6th edition, Year of publication: - (samenvatting h21)
Principles of Neural Science, 6th edition Eric Kandel - 77 Q & A from all chapters - Level: advanced
Neurons and synapses
Full summary of case 12 How do we learn and memorize? - Just forget about it.
All for this textbook (11)
Written for
Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
Psychobiologie
Van Perceptie Tot Bewustzijn (5102PETB6Y)
All documents for this subject (25)
Seller
Follow
drewesnoor
Content preview
KANDEL PRINCIPLES OF NEURAL SCIENCE CHAPTER 21: THE
CONSTRUCTIVE NATURE OF VISUAL PROCESSING
The brain analyzes a visual scene at three levels:
1. Lowest level: visual attributes such as local contrast, orientation, color, and movement are
measured.
2. Intermediate level: involves analysis of the layout of scenes and of surface properties, parsing
the visual image into surfaces and global contours, and distinguishing foreground from
background.
3. Highest level: involves object recognition.
The brain’s analysis of visual scenes begins in the two retinas, which transform visual input using a
strategy of parallel processing.
Each point in the visual field is processed in multiple channels that extract distinct aspects of the
visual input simultaneously and in parallel.
Parallel steams are sent out along the axons of the retinal ganglion cells, the projection neurons of the
retina, which form the optic nerves.
Beyond the optic chiasm, the axons from nasal and temporal hemiretinas carrying input from one
hemifield join in the optic tract, which extends to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the
thalamus.
The LGN in primates consists of 6 primary layers:
- 4 parvocellular
- 2 magnocellular each paired with a thin but dense koniocellular layer.
Parvocellular layers get input from the midget retinal ganglion cells they carry red-green
component information.
Magnocellular layer get achromatic contrast information from the parasol ganglion cells.
Koniocellular layers get input from small and large bistratified ganglion cells, carrying blue-yellow
information.
The thalamic neurons relay retinal information to the primary visual cortex.
LGN’s received retinal information can be strongly modulated by attention and arousal through
inhibitory connections to this brain region and by feedback from the visual cortex.
Primary visual cortex (V1) = striate cortex.
Primary visual pathway is also called the geniculostriate pathway because it passes through the LGN
on the way to the striate cortex.
A second pathway extends from the retina to the pretectal area of the midbrain, where neurons mediate
the pupillary reflexes that control the amount of light entering the eyes.
A third pathway from the retina runs to the superior colliculus and is important in controlling eye
movements continues to the pontine formation in the brain stem and then to the extraocular motor
nuclei.
Each LGN projects to the V1 through a pathway known as the optic radiation.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller drewesnoor. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.32. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
