N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Neurologic System Module 7

N5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Neurologic System Module 7 Examine the anatomy and physiology of the Central Nervous System. 1. Discuss the anatomy and physiology of the brain and brain stem. a. Explain the function of the twelve cranial nerves I – Olfactory (Smell) Function: Sensory, carries impulses for sense and smell Sign of Dysfunction: Loss or disturbance in the sense of smell. II – Optic (Sight) Function: Sensory, carries impulses for vision Sign of Dysfunction: decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect. (blindness) III – Oculomotor Function: Contains motor fibers to interior oblique and to superior, inferior, ad medial rectus extraocular muscles that direct eye ball; levator muscles of eyelid; smooth muscles of iris and ciliary body; and proprioception (sensory) to brain from extraocular muscles Sign of Dysfunction: Drooping of the eyelid, eyeball moves outward, dilation of the pupil, double vision. IV – Trochlear Function: Propioceptor and motor fibers for superior oblique muscle of eye (extraocular muscles) Sign of Dysfunction: Rotation of eyeball upward and outward, double vision V Trigeminal (facial muscles including chewing, facial sensation) This is the largest cranial nerve Function: Both motor and sensory for face; conducts sensory impulses from mouth, nose, surface of eye, and dura mater; also contains motor fibers that stimulate chewing muscles Sign of Dysfunction: Sensory root – Pain or loss of sensation in the face, forehead, temple and eyes. Motor root – affecting the jaw, trouble chewing VI Abducens (moves eyeballs) Function: Moves the eyeballs outwards by sending nerve impulses to the lateral rectus muscles Sign of Dysfunction: Deviation of the eyes outward; double vision