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Gizmos Student Exploration: Convection Cells Answer Key
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Name: Date:Student Exploration: Convection Cells
Vocabulary: convection, convection cell, density, global conveyor belt, mantle, mid-ocean ridge,
subduction zone, vector, viscosity
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
You place a pot of soup on the stove. As the soup warms you notice some areas where soup isrising up and
other areas where soup is sinking down.
1. Why do you think some of the soup is rising up?
Because the soup became warm and less dense, so itrose
up.
2. Why do you think some of the soup is sinking down?
Because it is colder and denser than the other parts ofthe
soup.
Gizmo Warm-up
When fluids (gases or liquids) are heated, they tend to move.This
motion is called convection. In the Convection Cells Gizmo, you
will observe and experiment with convection bothin a laboratory
setting and in several real-world examples.
To begin, note the laboratory setup on the MODEL tab. A beaker of
liquid is placed above a gas burner. Click Play ( ).The burner is
now heating the fluid.
1. What do you notice? The liquid inside the beaker is moving in a circular motion
2. Drag the eyedropper into the beaker just above the burner and let go to release a drop oforange
liquid into the beaker. What do you notice about the path of the drop?
The path of the drop is circular, the drop is moving in a circular motion.
Activity A: Get the Gizmo ready:
Convection • Click Reset ( ), and set Burner A to High.
Question: What causes convection cells to form?
2021
, 1. Hypothesize: Click Play, add a drop, and watch the motion of the liquid. Why do you think
convection tends to occur in heated fluids?
Because the heat allows the liquid to rise, while the less heated areas to sink. This patternthen is able
create a convection.
2. Observe: Click Clear drop. Under Show, select Temperature. The temperature scale runsfrom red
(hot) to dark blue (colder).
A. Where is the hottest liquid located? Right on top of the gas burner/left bottom cornerof the
beaker.
B. Where is the coldest liquid located? On the surface of the beaker/any part of thebeaker
far away from the gas burner.
C. Add a drop. Does the hottest liquid tend to rise or sink? Rise.
D. Does the coldest liquid tend to rise or sink? Sink.
3. Observe: Click Clear drop, and then add a new drop to the liquid. Turn on Show micro view of
drop. This view shows 21 molecules in the drop. Pay attention to how fast the molecules move
and how much space they occupy as the drop moves around the beaker.(Note: If the drop gets
stuck, add a new drop to the beaker.)
A. In which part of the beaker do the liquid molecules move fastest? Right on top of thegas
burner/left bottom corner of the beaker.
B. In which part are the liquid molecules most spread out? Right on top of the gas
burner/left bottom corner of the beaker.
4. Explore: Click Clear drop and drag the probe ( ) into the beaker. Density is defined as the mass per
unit volume. It is a measure of how tightly the particles of a substance are packed. Move the probe to
different parts of the beaker, observing the temperature and density.
A. What relationship do you observe between the temperature and density? The higherthe
density of the liquid the lower the temperature of a liquid. The higher the temperature of a
liquid, the lower the density.
B. Why do you think this is so? The particles of a substance are not tightly packed whenthe
temperatures are high, which means less density because density is how tightly the particles
of a substance are packed. However, when the temperature of a substance is low, the particles
of the substances are packed tightly which means it has a high density.
(Activity A continued on next page) Activity A
(continued from previous page)
5. Explain: In a liquid, objects denser than the liquid (such as rocks) tend to sink, while objectsless
dense than the liquid (such as inflatable rafts) tend to rise. How does this relate to the observed
motions of the liquid in the beaker?
2021
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