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Summary Geographic developement
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a view on major country developments recent and old
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Geography key terms notes: TOPIC ONEDevelopment
Sustainable development:
Case studies: Green Belt Movement
● Meeting human development goals while at the same time sustaining ability of natural systems to provide
resources and balance of ecosystems
● Be able to guarantee good life conditions for future generations
● At the confluence of social, economic, and environmental development
● Hard to meet for certain LEDCs: economic development has environmental impact
● To some, LEDCs don’t necessarily have to follow same pathway to development as MEDCs
did
● They can develop with Sustainable Development in mind
● Many MEDCs struggle: carbon emissions, electricity consumption, waste
● The USA produces one quarter of carbon emissions in the world
● Question of accountability: countries have to make efforts in sustainable development
● COP21 for example: working towards clean development
● The MDGs and then SDGs: creating targets for all aspects of development
● Rate the countries by achievements in each SDG
● Sometimes criticised: industrial revolution itself is unsustainable
● There can be no sustainable use of non-renewable resources
● Evaluate sustainability of 4 types of development
● Example of Green Belt Movement:
● Objective of replanting belt of trees across sub saharan Africa
● Fight against deforestation which is harmful to populations in Kenya for instance
The Global South:
● Emerging term in postcolonial studies to refer to LEDCs, the Third World
● Coined to empower underdeveloped countries instead of showing weaknesses
● Put forward autonomy and development of such countries
● Reconsider the relation between developed countries and developing countries
● Criticism:
● Too wide a term to be applied to so many countries
● Only benefits upper class of poor countries
● Only ones benefiting from growing south-south relations
● Inaccurate to some countries which are above the equator such as south east Asian countries
Less Economically Developed Country: LEDC
● See underdevelopment
More Economically Developed Country: MEDC
● See development
Development indicators:
Case studies: Gambia, Kerala, USA
● Reflect different areas of development: many things can be indicators
● Political, social, economic, environmental
● Obviously always all linked together: economic impacts social for example
● Linked in HDI: literacy rate, GDP per capita, life expectancy
● Social indicators: literacy, doctors per thousand, infant mortality, birth and death rates, population pyramids,
maternal deaths, wealth distribution, gender empowerment, life expectancy, fertility rate
● Political indicators: women in parliament, electoral systems
● Economic indicators: GDP, GDP per capita, percentage of population in each sector, rate of urban growth,
main exports
● Environmental: link to sustainable development
● Example of Kerala: can be representative of regional inequalities
● Population pyramid of very developed country
● Very rich state in India, as opposed to Uttar Pradesh for example
● Example of USA: not complete access to water shows misconceptions
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