100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Major Depressive Disorder Class Notes $6.13
Add to cart

Class notes

Major Depressive Disorder Class Notes

 4 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Class notes for topic Major Depressive Disorder, covering the classification, pathophysiology, complications, and treatments

Preview 3 out of 16  pages

  • November 22, 2021
  • 16
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Apt. dr. fadlina chany saputri, m.si.
  • Depression
avatar-seller

Available practice questions

Flashcards 10 Flashcards
Free 0 sales

Some examples from this set of practice questions

1.

What is the first line pharmacological therapy for major depressive disorder?

Answer: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

2.

Name the neurotransmitters that play a role in major depressive disorder!

Answer: Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

3.

A life-threatening condition caused by accumulation of serotonin called...

Answer: Serotonin syndrome

4.

What drugs can be used to treat serotonin syndrome?

Answer: Cyproheptadine (serotonin antagonist)

5.

What class of drug are used as second and third lines and is effective for atypical depression?

Answer: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Major Depressive Disorder
Causes
Pathophysiology
Diagnosis
Subtypes
Complications
Treatment
Nonpharmacologic
Pharmacologic
Serotonin Syndrome
References



Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or clinical depression is a serious mental disorder
that can interferes with daily life → the patient feel that life is not enjoyable. The
lifetime incidents for MDD occurs to 20% women and 12% men.




Major Depressive Disorder 1

, Source: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings | Calgary Guide
(ucalgary.ca)


Causes
The causes of MDD is still unknown, but probably a combination of:

Genetics → people with family members who suffer from depression are more
likely to get depression → the risk is increased by 3x (but depend on how close
they're with that family members)

Biology → the regulation of neurotransmitter plays super important role in the
development of symptoms of depression (involve mood, attention, appetite, etc.)

Environment → major event, death or loss, physical or sexual abuse

Psychology → a triad of negative thoughts, recurrent depressive thinking


Pathophysiology
Monoamines Deficiency Theory

The monoamines:




Major Depressive Disorder 2

, Serotonin → have impact on obsessions and compulsions → the major
player (some theories said that serotonin is capable to regulate the two
others, but these theories are evidence limited)

Norepinephrine → have impact on anxiety and attention

Dopamine → have impact on attention, motivation, and pleasure

The causes of decreased monoamines is not well known, the research is still on
going. A decrease in the amount of tryptophan can also cause depression
symptoms, since it's the substance that used to make serotonin.

Neurotrophic Theory

Associated with Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) deficiency

BDNF is important in the regulation of plasticity, resilience, and neurogenesis.
It influences neuronal survival and growth through activation of receptor
tyrosine kinase B in neurons and glial cells

Significant atrophy of the hippocampus and certain areas of the prefrontal
cortex was observed in the brains of people with depression as well as
decreased levels of nerve growth factors (NGF) such as BDNF

BDNF is thought to have an influence on neuronal survival and growth effects
by activating tyrosine receptor B kinase in both neurons (presynaptic and
postsynaptic) and glial cells

Antidepressant therapy for 2-3 weeks can increase neurogenesis and
synaptic signaling in cortical areas such as the hippocampus


Diagnosis
The criteria from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition:
DSM-5

5 of 9 symptoms most of the day (nearly everyday)

Depressed mood

Decreased interest or pleasure

Significant weight loss or gain

Inability to sleep or oversleeping

Psychomotor agitation or impairment

Fatigue


Major Depressive Disorder 3

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller anara21. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $6.13. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

53022 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$6.13
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added