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Summary Cambridge International AS and A Level Travel and Tourism: Destination Management Unit 4 Coursebook, ISBN: 9781316600634 Travel and Tourism
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Summary Cambridge International AS and A Level Travel and Tourism : Destination Marketing Unit 3 Coursebook, ISBN: 9781316600634 Travel and Tourism
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Destination Management - Unit 4Travel and Tourism IAL
Main goals:
● Maximize the positive (+) impacts of tourism and minimize the negative (-) impacts.
● Managing requires sound goals implemented through the use of clear roles and
priorities.
● Destinations are places where tourism has developed cultural, environmental,
economic and political conditions.
● Achieve sustainable tourism (minimize impacts today and for the future, ensure a
positive experience for locals, companies and tourists, low impact on the
environment and locals to maintain culture and employment of the destination.
Sustainable tourism:nis tourism attempting to make a low impact on the environment and
local culture, while helping to generate future employment for local people.
4.1 Organisations involved in destination management, their roles and priorities
(a) Governments, Ministries, National Tourism Organisations (NTOs) Strategic
development, including:
• Environmental strategies, e.g. protect and manage the environment and natural areas
• Marketing strategies, e.g. develop the country image (brand/ specialised/mass market destination) through
marketing and branding
• Economic strategies, e.g. minimise leakages from the economy; set taxes
• Research, funding and budgets
• Setting priorities
National Tourism Organisations (NTOs) and Government ministries:
- Operate within a budget
- Priorities: research and develop; funding to ensure sustainability within their country
or destination. (protecting the environment while encouraging investment and
developing economic benefits of tourism)
- Can pass laws/policies to protect and manage areas (ex: create a national park,
protect environment) Protect and manage areas
- Large role in marketing as well- managing brand image, etc.
- Gain positive image of an area
- Retaining tourism numbers and encouraging repeat visitors are essential for
successful destination management
(b) Local authorities, regional tourism organisations, Destination Management Companies
(DMCs)
• Land use regulation at a local level
• Planning control
• Local infrastructure development and control
• Regional and local promotion and marketing of, e.g. specialised markets; specialised tourism products
1
,• Visitor management
Destination management company (DMCs):
- Provide a service for both the local and visiting populations
- Engage in activities that will help boost the image of their local area and the services
which they supply (concerned with and increase in visitors)
- Use extensive local knowledge and resources to offer a professional service in
organising and running of events (activities, transport, accommodation..meeting book
accommodation and restaurants
- Management company that organises events, packages, and all of the details
- Because they coordinate with so many other organisations, they can charge
competitive fees
- Incorporate new ideas to create new, attractive, affordable packages
- for-profit
- EX: Malta has DMC recognition programs for quality. This guarantees authentic
cultural experiences
(c) International development agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
• Research, fund-raise, develop and finance projects
• Specialist knowledge and expert staff to oversee projects
• Guidance in regional planning for projects
• Assistance in training and education of local communities
• Promote awareness of political, environmental, sociocultural issues • Promote awareness of demand for
specialised tourism products
Non-governmental organisations: international development agencies
- Mainly charitable/non-profit
- Rely on donations
- Support activities that help destination image
- They will conduct research and gain expert knowledge of destinations and issues of
interest to them.
- work to help locals and hold authorities to account & be responsible against
population
- They work to empower the local community
(d) Commercial organisations • Overseas travel agents, inbound, outbound and specialist
tour operators serving the specialised markets – select, package, market and sell products,
services and tours • Local businesses, e.g. accommodation providers, transport operators,
attractions and guiding services – develop and provide products and services
- Privately-owned
- Goal: Make a profit to pay dividends to owners/shareholders.
- Raise awareness amongst potential customers and lead to an increase in sales,
which will boost revenues.
- Most of the TT sub sectors are included here: hotel, transport, tour
operators,accommodation providers, attractions...
- Will engage in all activities to increase their brand recall/image
- Providers of the TT industry as they are the ones bringing the product to the public
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, 4.2 Destination management
(a) Objectives of tourism development and management To develop sustainable practices
through:
Each organisations have different motives and goals
Groups are not mutually exclusive
Stakeholders in TWO major groups:
- Public sector land owners & industry (expected to lead and set example, take action)
- Visitors, environmental interest groups, locals (engagement is essential, but not
indicators of actions to develop)
Tourism development issues involve a triangular relationship between the following interest
groups:
➔ The host population: Local people living in the destination
➔ The agents of tourism development: NTOs, DMCs, NGOs that are present in the
destination
➔ The tourists who come and visit the destination
(important to remember that each of the groups cannot be engaged in the same way and
some people can be in more than one group; visitors can also be local residents; the
industry is also part of the community)
National Governments play an important role in tourism development as they often seek to
develop tourism in their countries for many reasons.
Stakeholders in tourism development can be divided into two broad types:
● Public sector, landowners and industry
● Visitors, environmental interest groups and local residents
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