Unit 14- Assignment 3 : Understand the types, structures, reactions, uses and properties of isomers
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Course
Unit 14 - Applications of Organic Chemistry
Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Contains:
The Pass - Explains the different types of structural isomerism, giving at least two examples of chain, positional and functional group isomers. Uses diagrams, molecular models and properties of the isomers where appropriate.
Explains the different types of stereoisomerism, giving a...
As iobserved, ipentane ihas ia imolecular iformula iof iC5H12, iwhich iis iequivalent ito ithat
i of ineopentane. iThe idifference ican ibe iacknowledged iin iits istructure iwhere ithe iCH3
i on ithe ineopentane iis iexchanged iwith ithe ihydrogen iatom, ialong iwith ianother iCH3
i group ion ithe iright. iConsequently, ithis iwill ichange ithe iway ithe iatoms ibond
i together iand iresult iin ithem ihaving idifferent iproperties iand ireactions.
For iinstance, ithe iboiling ipoint iof ineopentane iis i10.0∘C iwhile ipentane iis i36.1∘C.
i Neopentane iis imore icondensed ithan ipentane iand ihas iless icontact isurface iarea,
i meaning iit ihas iless iLondon idispersion iforces iof iattraction. iConcerning imelting
i points, ipentane iwill imelt ihigher ithan iits iother iisomer, iisopentane ias iit ican itake ion
i a irodlike ishape iallowing imolecules inear iit ito ipack iclosely itogether. iHowever,
i neopentane imelts imore ithan i100° ihigher ithan ithe iboth iof ithem ias iit itakes ion ia
i spherical ishape, ienabling ithe imolecules iexert irelatively ilittle iattraction ion ieach
i other. iHowever, ithey iare iboth icombustible, icolourless iand ilighter ithan iwater.
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, As idisplayed iabove, ithe istructural idifference iobserved iis ithat in-butane ihas ia
i straight ichain istructure iwhereas iin ithe iiso-butane, iit ihas istraight ichain iis iof ithree
i carbon iatoms. iThe imethyl igroup iin iiso-butane iis ilocated iat icarbon inumber itwo.
i Both iButane iand iIsobutane iare igases, ithey ipractically ihave ino icolour, ibut ihave ia
i characteristic iodour. iThese icompounds iare iflammable iand ithus, ican ibe iused ias
i fuel ifor iburning. iThe imain idifference ibetween ibutane iand iisobutane iis ithat
i butane ican ibe ieither ia ilinear ior ibranched imolecule iwhereas iisobutane iis
i essentially ia ibranched imolecule. iIsobutane ihas ia ivery ilow iboiling ipoint icompared
i to ithat iof inormal ibutane icoming iin iat iaround i-11oC. iThis iis ia iresult iof ithe
i branched istructure iof iisobutane. iAs inormal ibutane iis ia ilinear imolecule ican ihave
i more iVan iDer iWaal iforces ithan ithat iof iisobutane, igiving iit ia iboiling ipoint iof i-1oC.
Functional iGroup iIsomerism
Sharing ithe isame istructural iformula, ifunctional igroup iisomerism ientails ithat ithe
i molecules iwill idifferent ihomologous iseries ior ifamilies iof icompounds. iThis
i transpires iwhen ithe ifunctional igroup iis ireformed ias iatoms iwithin ithe imolecules
i are ibonded itogether iin idifferent iways. i
As idisplayed iabove, ipropanal ihas ian ialdehyde igroup iwith ia ihydrogen iatom
i attached ito ithe icarbonyl igroup. iComparatively, ipropanone iis iclassed ias ia iketone
i with ialkyl ior iaryl igroups iattached ito ithe icarbonyl igroup. iPropanone iwill ihave ino
i hydrogen iatoms iattached ito ithe icarbonyl icarbon. iThey iare iboth icolourless,
i volatile, iflammable iorganic isolvent iwith ithe ichemical iformula i(CH3)2CO.
Additionally, ipropanone ihas ia iboiling ipoint i56 idegrees iCelsius, iwhile ipropanol ihas
i one iof i46 ito i50. iThis iis ibecause ipropanol ihas ihigher iboiling ipoint ithan ipropane
i due ito ihydrogen ibonding, imaking iit iharder ifor ithe imolecules ito iseparate iin iorder
i for ithem ito ienter ithe igas iphase. iPropanone iis iutilised iin ithe imanufacturing iof
i plastics iand icleansers/cleaning isupplies, iwhile ipropanol iis imainly iused ias ia
i solvent.
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