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Interview study book Introduction to Animal Physiology of Dr Ian Kay - ISBN: 9781000102284 (Study Notes)
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Paper : 06 Animal PhysiologyModule : 01 General organization and classification of neuron
Development Team
Principal Investigator : Prof. Neeta Sehgal
Department of Zoology, University of Delhi
Co-Principal Investigator : Prof. D.K. Singh
Department of Zoology, University of Delhi
Paper Coordinator : Prof. Rakesh Kumar Seth
Department of Zoology, University of Delhi
Content Writer : Dr. Anju Jain1, Dr. KP Mishra2, Dr. Sarita Nanda1
1Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi
2 Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi
Content Reviewer : Dr. Tanushri Saxena
Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi
Animal Physiology
ZOOLOGY
General Organization and Classification of neuron
, Description of Module
Subject Name ZOOLOGY
Paper Name Zool 006 Animal Physiology
Module Name/Title Organization and Evolution of Nervous System
Module Id M01: General Organization and Classification of neuron
Keywords Affector, Effector, Neuron, Glial cells, Unipolar, Bipolar,
Multipolar, Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Nissl
Bodies, Dendrites, Sensory neuron, Motor neuron, Schwann Cells,
Satellite cells, Ependymal cell
Contents
1. Learning Outcomes
2. Introduction
3. Neuron as the Basic Unit of Nervous System
4. Discovery of Neurons
5. Classification of neurons
6. Glial Cells: supporting cells
7. Identification of Neurons by Various Techniques
8. Neuronal Stem Cells (NSCs)
9. Conclusion
10. Summary
Animal Physiology
ZOOLOGY
General Organization and Classification of neuron
, 1. Learning Outcome
This chapter will help you to learn about the following:
Different parts of the brain
The characteristics of Neurons
History of discovery of the brain cells
Classification strategies of Neurons
Characteristics of the supporting cells of the brain
The various techniques which are used in study of the brain
The stem cells present in the brain tissue.
2. Introduction
Brain, the most complex part of the body communicates with each and every other body parts
through a well-developed and essential electrical wiring known as nervous system which
includes both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The central nervous system is the main integration and command centre of body and is made
up of the and spinal cord where PNS connects the CNS to different effector organs of body
and is divided into two subdivisions, somatic nervous system (SNS) and autonomic nervous
system (ANS) (Fig.1). Along with that recent researches also revealed the importance of
enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system as one of the major divisions of the
nervous system. It includes a mesh-like system of neurons that mainly governs the function
of the gastrointestinal tract. The ENS again includes two plexuses, the submucosal and the
myenteric with their own functions.
The cellular building blocks of the entire nervous system are nerve cells, called neurons, and
supporting cells called glial cells. The human brain is composed of almost 100 billion
of electrically excitable neurons and 10 times as many glial cells (Herculano-Houzel S.
2009). Neurons are specialized for electrical and chemical signaling over long distances.
Glial cells, in contrast to nerve cells, are not capable of transmission of electrical signaling;
thereby the neuron is the only functional unit of the nervous system. Current evidences
Animal Physiology
ZOOLOGY
General Organization and Classification of neuron
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