Describes bone vs cartilage and their mechanisms of growth, in-depth descriptions of the characteristics and functions of the 3 different bone cells, details the periosteum and endosteum, different types of bone (primary vs secondary / compact vs spongy), the process of osteogenesis (endochondral a...
Skeletal system
- Axial skeleton – in the middle
- Appendicular skeleton
Bones
- Types
o Long
§ phalanges
o Short
§ Trapezoid / wrist bone
o Flat
§ Produce red blood cells
o Irregular
o Sesamoid
§ E.g. patella bone
• Located in the major extensor bone in the knee
• Provides extra mechanical help in extending the knee
§ Embedded within tendons
• To reinforce and decrease stress on that tendon
§ Mostly found in knee, thumb and big toe
§ Sustain a lot of wear and tear
§ Very durable
§ Exercise leads to more sesamoid bones
• Means everyone has a different number of bones
- More bones when younger since they haven’t fused
- Functions
o Support body
§ Provide platform for muscles to act
o Protect organs – heart / lungs
o Reservoir for calcium and phosphate for electrolyte balance and
metabolization
o Harbours the bone marrow
Bone and cartilage
- Bone formation closely relates to cartilage
- Both have matrix
o Bone
§ Inorganic
• Calcified
□ Hydroxyapatite crystal - inorganic bone salts
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