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Samenvatting Fysica - BMLT 1 - HoGent
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Samenvatting Fysica BMLT 1 Hogent Hans Landuyt
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InhoudDeel 0. GROOTHEDEN EN EENHEDEN ................................................................................................................. 4
Deel 1. MECHANICA ............................................................................................................................................ 6
KINEMATICA .................................................................................................................................................... 6
De eenparige rechtlijnige beweging: ERB .................................................................................................. 6
De eenparige veranderlijke rechtlijnige beweging .................................................................................... 6
Algemene verplaatsing ............................................................................................................................. 7
De eenparige cirkelvormige beweging ................................................................................................... 8
De eenparige veranderlijke cirkelvormige beweging ........................................................................... 8
DYNAMICA.................................................................................................................................................... 10
De drie wetten van Newton ..................................................................................................................... 10
Gewicht ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Resultante van krachten ........................................................................................................................... 10
De centrifugale kracht ............................................................................................................................ 11
De centrifuge ............................................................................................................................................. 11
Wrijving ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
Arbeid en vermogen ................................................................................................................................. 12
Energie (+ energie menselijk lichaam pg 90-93 goed lezen) ..................................................................... 12
Deel 2. FLUÏDA .................................................................................................................................................. 13
HYDROSTATICA ............................................................................................................................................. 13
Druk in een fluïdum .................................................................................................................................. 13
Druk op een vloeistof................................................................................................................................ 13
Wet van Archimedes................................................................................................................................. 14
Schijnbare massa ...................................................................................................................................... 14
HYDRODYNAMICA ........................................................................................................................................ 15
De continuïteitsvergelijking...................................................................................................................... 15
De vergelijking van Bernoulli .................................................................................................................... 16
................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Bloedstroom .............................................................................................................................................. 16
Viscositeit .................................................................................................................................................. 16
Deel 3. OPTICA .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Lenzen ........................................................................................................................................................... 20
Beeldvorming door een convergerende lens ........................................................................................... 21
Beelvorming door een divergerende lens ................................................................................................ 22
Lenzenformule .......................................................................................................................................... 22
, Beeldvorming door een combinatie meerdere lenzen ............................................................................ 22
Sterkte van een lens ................................................................................................................................. 22
Deel 4. TRILLINGEN ........................................................................................................................................... 23
TRILLINGEN.................................................................................................................................................... 23
Samengestelde trillingen .......................................................................................................................... 23
De mathematische slinger ........................................................................................................................ 23
Deel 5. GOLVEN ................................................................................................................................................. 24
GOLVEN ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Lopende golven ......................................................................................................................................... 24
Het principe van Huygens ......................................................................................................................... 24
Energietransport door een golf ................................................................................................................ 25
Interferentie van golven ........................................................................................................................... 25
ELEKTROMAGNETISCHE GOLVEN ................................................................................................................. 26
Optische actieve stoffen ........................................................................................................................... 27
Coherent licht............................................................................................................................................ 27
Interferentie van licht ............................................................................................................................... 27
Diffractie van licht aan een spleet............................................................................................................ 27
Het experiment van Young ....................................................................................................................... 28
Diffractierooster ....................................................................................................................................... 28
Het foto-elektrisch effect ......................................................................................................................... 28
Het duaal karakter van licht ..................................................................................................................... 29
Deel 6. WARMTELEER ....................................................................................................................................... 30
TEMPERATUUR EN WARMTE ....................................................................................................................... 30
De nulde hoofdwet van de thermodynamica .......................................................................................... 30
Temperatuurschalen ................................................................................................................................. 30
Thermische uitzetting ............................................................................................................................... 30
Soortelijke warmte ................................................................................................................................... 31
Bepaling van de soortelijke warmte van een stof ................................................................................... 31
Aggregatietoestanden .............................................................................................................................. 31
Verdampen en condenseren .................................................................................................................... 32
Relatieve vochtigheid ............................................................................................................................... 32
......................................................................... 32
Het verschijnsel koken .............................................................................................................................. 32
Wet van Raoult ......................................................................................................................................... 33
, Fasediagram van een zuivere stof ............................................................................................................ 33
1e wet van de thermodynamica ............................................................................................................... 34
WARMTEOVERDRACHT ................................................................................................................................ 34
Warmtetransport door geleiding (conductie) ......................................................................................... 34
Warmtetransport door convectie ............................................................................................................ 34
Warmtetransport door straling ................................................................................................................ 35
Deel 7. DE GASWETTEN .................................................................................................................................... 36
WET VAN BOYLE-MARIOTTE......................................................................................................................... 36
WET VAN REGNAULT .................................................................................................................................... 36
WET VAN CHARLES (WET VAN GAY-LUSSAC) .............................................................................................. 36
DE IDEALE GASWET ....................................................................................................................................... 37
WET VAN DALTON – PARTIËLE DRUKKEN .................................................................................................... 37
, Fysica
Deel 0. GROOTHEDEN EN EENHEDEN
Fysica = natuur beschrijven in grootheden
→ 7 basis: tijd, massa, lengte, elektrische stroom, temperatuur, hoeveelheid stof, lichtsterkte
Grootheden Eenheden
- Gemeten en vergeleken met eenheid - basispakket v.d. grootheden
→ Scalaire grootheden
→ Vectoriële grootheden
Voorvoegsels
Uren, minuten en seconden met hoeken
Uren – 60 minuten – 3600 seconden
Hoeken – graden – boogminuten
➔ 1° = 60’ – 1’ = 60”
➔ Kleine hoeken: sin x ≈ x en tan x ≈ x
➔ Hoek meten door ∆x op de omtrek van de cirkel/schijf
360° = 2π in ° / in rad
180° = π γ rad met r = 1 is γm
Booglengte = α.r m
vb. als 0,23 rad met r = 1 dan 0,23m
vb. als 0,23 rad met r = 2 dan 0,36m
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