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PYC 3704 exam notes and summary
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TOPIC 1: QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGYConstruct Observation of an aspect of human or human behaviour which was
operationalized in some way.
A construct that has been measured produces a variable.
A hypothetical aspect of humans or human behaviour which we wish to investigate
Variable A construct that has been measured in some way.
Numeric values which represent some kind of psychological measurement and
which can change from one measurement to the next.
Empirical knowledge Based on the observation of physical events
Inference A generalisation from the specific to the general phenomenon which have a high
probability of being true.
Measurement Making a prediction of generalization based on existing information.
A procedure for allocating numbers to aspects of observations based on a rule.
Observe a specific construct or phenomenon which is hidden.
Operationalisation Finding a practical way to measure a construct
To get a numeric measurement of a construct
Theory An explanation of observed facts and relationships among them.
Careful description of the facts that have been observed in a specific situation.
An explanation of why a phenomenon appears as it is observed to be.
Independent variable Manipulated, to see how it affects the dependent variable.
Two samples can be considered independent when there is no systematic
matching of individuals of one sample with individuals from the other one.
Dependent variable Dependent on the independent variable.
The one that is predicted or explained.
Hidden variable Effects on the dependent variable that we may be unaware of
Descriptive statistics A set of quantities used to summarise aspects of numerical data.
Mean, variance, standard deviation etc.
Inferential statistics The use of statistical techniques to make generalisations about the relationship
among 2 or more variables.
Conclusions have a high probability of being true, but can never be certain.
From specific -> general
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