an elaborated guide and notes for blood collection: venipuncture and skin puncture. Steps/procedures, materials, complications, and other of the must to know. I hope this helps. thank you.
[HEMATOLOGY] BS MLS
[VIDEO LECTURE- GENERAL METHODS FOR BLOOD COLLECTION] 3 Year
rd
HISTORY o An alcohol-based hand rub may be used if hands
(1657) Athanasius Kircher -described "worms" in the are not visibly contaminated.
blood o Antimicrobial wipes or towelettes are less effective for
(1674) Anton van Leeuwenhoek -gave an account of hand sanitation.
RBCS GLOVES
(1800s) Giulio Bizzozero-described platelets as o essential personal protective equipment and must be
"petites plaques." worn during blood collection procedures.
(1902) James Homer Wright -developed Wright stain o When gloves are removed, no blood from the soiled
and opened a new world of visual blood film gloves should come in contact with the hands.
examination through the microscope.
Although automated instruments now differentiate RED OR RED-ORANGE BIOHAZARD SIGN
and enumerate blood cells, Wright's o designated puncture-resistant containers.
Romanowsky-type stain (polychromatic, a mixture o Where contaminated sharps and infectious wastes are
of acidic and basic dyes), and refinements thereof, placed.
remains the foundation of blood cell identification.
In the present-day hematology laboratory PHYSIOLOGIC FACTORS AFFECTING TEST
RBC, WBC, and platelet appearance is analyzed RESULTS
through automation or visually using 5003 to It can affect the chemical analytes being tested in our
10003 light microscopy examination of cells fixed body such as sugars, lipids, total cholesterol.
to a glass microscope slide and stained with
POSTURE Large molecules such as
Wright or Wright-Giemsa stain. The scientific term
Standing= proteins, carbohydrates,
for cell appearance is morphology, which
Hemoconcentration cholesterol, & iron ARE
encompasses cell color, size, shape,
(all blood are INCREASED - there is a
cytoplasmic inclusions, and nuclear
shift of water from blood
condensation. concentrated)
going to interstitial spaces
BLOOD COLLECTION
"Laboratory test results are only as good as the DIURNAL Morning
integrity of the specimen tested" RHYTHM Increased CORTISOL, TSH, &
- Refers to daily IRON
Increased EOSINOPHIL
Standard precautions must be followed in the collection body fluid
COUNT
of blood, and all specimens must be treated as fluctuations that
potentially infectious for bloodborne pathogens. Afternoon
occur with some Decreased EOSINOPHIL
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS constituents of the COUNT
o MOT: blood.
accidental injury by a sharp object, such as a
contaminated needle, a scalpel, broken glass, or EXERCISE During exercise the
any other object that can pierce the skin. concentration of this
Cuts, skin areas with dermatitis or abrasions, and analytes increase:
mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and - Creatine
nose. - Myoglobin (hemoglobin
Indirect transmission can occur when a person present in the muscle)
touches a contaminated surface or object and then - Enzymes (Creatine Kinase)
touches the mouth, eyes, nose, or nonintact skin STRESS (anxiety, High CORTISOL and WBC
without washing the hands. excessive crying of Count
children)
HAND WASHING DIET Fasting affects Glucose
o is the most important practice to prevent the spread levels & Lipid profile (total
of infectious diseases. cholesterol, LDL, HDL)
o The phlebotomist should wash his or her hands with SMOKING Increased CORTISOL, WBC
soap and running water between patients and every Count, Hemoglobin (high in
time gloves are removed. long term smokers)
SPERMIES 1
, TRANS: Unit Title
UNIT 2: GENERAL METHODS FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
*Additives-
A. ARTERIAL PUNCTURE anticoagul
o Arterial Blood ant, clot
o → Done by RESPIRATORY THERAPISTS activator,
A. ARTERIAL PUNCTURE separator
Arterial blood- oxygenated blood with bright red color gel,
The procedure for blood collection is without the use of antiglycolyt
tourniquet or BP cuff ic agent
Uses: This is the preferred specimen for BLOOD GAS SERUM Gold 5 With clot activator
TUBES (Plastic) Needs to be (Glass/ Silica
ANALYSIS and BLOOD PH DETERMINATION inverted to
Note: Arterial bleeding is the hardest to control and be mixed
particles)
usually requires special attention. with the clot Clotting time: 15-30
Sites for collection: activator mins.
Radial artery HEPARIN Green 8 Blood Gas Analysis
Brachial artery (Mucoitin (Arterial Blood),
Femoral artery Polysulfur Blood pH
Scalp artery ic Acid) determination.
Umbilical artery EDTA Lavande 8 Hematology
B. VENIPUNCTURE r CC- HbA1C
Venous blood- deoxygenated blood with a dark red SODIUM Gray 8 Glucose Testing
color FLUORID Concentration:
Equipment for Venipuncture E 2 mg/ml NaF-
o TORNIQUET (It depends Antiglycolytic agent
It is used to provide a barrier against venous blood on the
flow to help locate a vein. concentrati 10 mg/ml NaF-
It can be a disposable elastic strap, a heavier on) Anticoagulant
Velcro strap, or a blood pressure cuff (Inflate to
60 mmHg and typically used when patients are 2mg/ml NaF +
obese) Oxalate
18-20 inches long and 1 inch wide
Should be applied 3 to 4 inches above the B. OTHER BLOOD COLLECTION TUBES (WITH
venipuncture site and left on for no longer than 1 ANTICOGULANTS)
minute before the venipuncture is performed. BLOOD ANTICOGULANT USES
Latex-free tourniquets are available for COLLECTION
individuals with a latex allergy. TUBES
o COLLECTION TUBES YELLOW TOP ACD- Acid Citrate Blood Bank
EVACUATED TUBE SYSTEM→most common means Dextrose studies, Human
of collecting blood specimens Leukocytes
evacuated tube(either plastic or glass) Antigen Test,
Adapter- used to secure the needle and the tube. DNA Test,
A. ORDER OF DRAW FOR VENIPUNCTURE Paternity Testing
BLOOD COLOR NO. OF COMMENTS TAN TOP 𝐾2 EDTA Lead
COLLECTI INVERSI (Dipotassium Determination
ON TUBE ONS EDTA)
BLOOD Yellow 8 - Microbiological ROYAL BLUE 𝐾1 EDTA Determination of
CULTURE Studies TOP trace elements
(first to be Anticoagulant: 0.025 WHITE TOP 𝐾2 EDTA with gel Molecular
filled) % SPS(Sodium Diagnostic Test
Polyaethanol BLACK TOP 3.8 % Sodium There are 2
Sulfonate) Citrate for ESR methods for ESR
CITRATE Light 3-4 - Coagulation but it is only
Blue Studies (APTT- applicable for :
Activated Partial
Thromboplastin time, Standard/
PT- Prothrombin Original
time, TT- Thrombin Westergren for
Time) ESR
SERUM Red None No clot activator- 60 PINK TOP 𝐾2 EDTA Blood Bank Test
TUBES- (Glass) mins. clotting time
no
anticoagul For CC tests.
ant
SPERMIES 2
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