100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
PN2 Exam 3 UPDATED STUDY GUIDE WITH ALL THE CORRCET RATIONALE {UPDATED} – Rasmussen College $5.49   Add to cart

Other

PN2 Exam 3 UPDATED STUDY GUIDE WITH ALL THE CORRCET RATIONALE {UPDATED} – Rasmussen College

 11 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

 Type 1 Diabetes – an autoimmune dysfunction involving the destruction of beta cells, which produce insulin in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.  Type 1 is an absolute lack of insulin secretion o Absence of insulin production; patient is dependent on insulin to prevent ketoacido...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 21  pages

  • January 29, 2022
  • 21
  • 2021/2022
  • Other
  • Unknown
avatar-seller
N2 Exam 3


 Type 1 Diabetes – an autoimmune dysfunction involving the destruction of
beta cells, which produce insulin in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.

 Type 1 is an absolute lack of insulin secretion

o Absence of insulin production; patient is dependent on insulin to
prevent ketoacidosis and maintain life
o Onset is frequently in childhood; usually ages 10-15
o This is forever
o First sign is often Diabetic Ketoacidosis

 Type 2 is a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin
secretion to compensate

o Often linked to obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and heredity
o Onset is predominately in adulthood, generally after the age of 35
o Usually controlled with diet, exercise and oral hypoglycemics
o Usually found by accident; the patient keeps coming back for a wound
that won’t heal or repeated vaginal infections

 Signs and Symptoms:
o Both Type 1 and Type 2: 3 Ps: polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
o Fatigue
o Increased frequency of infections

 Type 1:
o Weight loss
o Bed-wetting, blurred vision
o Enuresis (involuntary urination, especially in children at night) in
children, nocturia in adults
o Abdominal pain
o Rapid onset

 Type 2:
o Weight gain, visual disturbances
o Slow onset; usually around 40 years old
o Fatigue and malaise
o Recurrent vaginal yeast

 Diagnostics:

, o The criteria for diagnosis must include two findings on separate days
– must also be the test plus a random glucose greater than 200 mg/dL
o Fasting blood glucose level above 126 mg/dL
o Oral glucose tolerance test: 2- hour glucose values greater than 200
mg/dL
o Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) greater than 6.5%

 Medications:

 Insulin:
o Rapid-acting insulin: lispro, aspart, glulisine
 Given before meals
 Onset: 5-15 minutes
 Peak: 30-90 minutes
 Duration: les than 5 hours
 Given subcutaneously
 Given in conjunction with intermediate- or long-acting insulin
to provide control between meals and at night
 Because of quick onset, patient must eat immediately

o Short-Acting Insulin: regular
 Given approximately 30-60 minutes before meals
 Onset: 30 minutes – 1 hour
 Peak: 2-3 hours
 Duration: 5-8 hours
 This is our clear insulin
 Given alone or in combination with longer-acting insulin
 Given for sliding scale coverage
 Can be given subcutaneously, IV, or IM ***only insulin that can
be given IV
 U-500 is for patient who is insulin resistant, never given
IV
 U-100 is for most patients and can be given IV

o Intermediate-Acting insulin: NPH, Novolin N
 Hypoglycemia tends to occur in mid to late afternoon
 Onset: 2-4 hours
 Peak: 4-10 hours
 Duration: 10-16 hours
 This is our cloudy insulin
 Given for control between meals and at night

,  Contains protamine (a protein), which causes a delay in the
insulin absorption or onset and extends the duration of action
of the insulin
 Give NPH insulin subQ only – can be mixed with short-acting or
rapid-acting

o Long-Acting Insulin: glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir)
 CANNOT be diluted or mixed with any other insulin
 Usually given at bedtime
 Onset: 2-4 hours
 No peak
 Duration: 24 hours
 Detemir may be given twice a day, dependent on dose
 Only given subQ

 Insulin starting dose is 0.4 – 1 unit/kg/day, the dose is adjusted until the
blood sugar is normal and there is no glucose or ketones in the urine

 Basal/bolus dosing is the most common method of daily dosing; it is a
combination of long-acting insulin and rapid-acting insulin

 Insulin pumps are an alternative to daily insulin injections
o Pump is programmed to deliver insulin through a needle in the subQ
tissue. The needle needs to be changed at least every 2-3 days to
prevent infection
o Only rapid-acting insulin is used in infusion pump
o Complications: accidental cessation of insulin administration,
obstruction of the tubing/needle, pump failure, and infection

 Insulin Pens are prefilled with 150-300 units of insulin
o Convenient for travel
o Used for patients who have vision impairment or problems with
dexterity

 Insulin sites should be rotated to prevent lipodystrophy or lipohypertrophy –
lumps under the skin from an accumulation of extra fat at the site of many
subQ injections

 Oral Medications:

 Sulfonylureas – glipizide, glimepiride, glyburide
o Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas causing a decrease in
blood sugar levels and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin
o Monitor for hypoglycemia - biggest side effect of this medication

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Quizzguru. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$5.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart