In deze samenvatting vind je een samenvatting van alle hoofdstukken en artikelen voor het vak Gedrag in de klas. Je vindt er een samenvatting van:
- Observeren in psychologie en pedagogiek- Goossens H1-6+ 9
- De sociale ontwikkeling van het schoolkind- van der Ploeg H1-14 behalve H5 en H10
- Dia...
Inhoud
Gedrag in de klas- samenvatting.............................................................................................................1
Observeren in psychologie en pedagogiek- Goossens..........................................................................12
H1 dataverzameling door observatie....................................................................................................12
1.2 een classificatie van wijzen van observeren...............................................................................12
1.3 waarom willen we observeren?..................................................................................................12
1.4 wat gaan we observeren?...........................................................................................................12
1.5 waar gaan we observeren?.........................................................................................................12
1.6 wanneer gaan we observeren?...................................................................................................13
1.7 stappen bij (observatie) onderzoek............................................................................................13
1.8 ethiek..........................................................................................................................................13
H2 naar een observatiesysteem...........................................................................................................14
2.1 het begint met een vraag............................................................................................................14
2.2 praktische beslissingen...............................................................................................................14
2.3 beslissingen over het onderzoek................................................................................................14
2.4 beslissingen over het observatiesysteem...................................................................................14
2.5 voorwaarden voor een goed observatiesysteem........................................................................14
2.6 molaire en moleculaire elementen in het observatiesysteem....................................................14
2.7 de inhoud van verschillende typen categorieën.........................................................................15
2.8 Eén categorie nader uitgelicht....................................................................................................15
2.9 ervaring met de plaats van observatie........................................................................................15
H3 de regels van het spel: van categorieën naar cijfers.......................................................................15
3.1 hoe komt een onderzoeker nou aan cijfers?..............................................................................15
3.2 tijd: duur, latentie en frequentie................................................................................................15
3.3 continue registratie....................................................................................................................15
3.4 de voordelen van time sampling.................................................................................................15
3.5 de nadelen van time sampling....................................................................................................16
3.6 sampling van proefpersonen......................................................................................................16
3.7 tijd: in elk geval continu..............................................................................................................16
3.8 observaties vastleggen...............................................................................................................16
3.9 film in combinatie met goede software......................................................................................17
3.10 samenvatting............................................................................................................................17
4 de registratie van intensiteit..............................................................................................................17
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4.1 uit de zeevaart: de schaal van Beaufort......................................................................................17
4.2 voorbeeld van een rating scale...................................................................................................17
4.3 een definitie van een rating scale...............................................................................................17
4.4 voor- en nadelen van rating scales.............................................................................................17
4.5 hoe maken we een goede rating scale?......................................................................................18
4.6 onderliggende assumpties..........................................................................................................18
4.7 ratings versus categorieën..........................................................................................................18
5 overeenstemming tussen observatoren: de rol van training.............................................................18
5.1 eigenschappen van een observator............................................................................................18
5.2 de potentiële fouten van een observator...................................................................................18
5.3 een voorbeeld van een trainingsprocedure................................................................................19
6 betrouwbaarheid en validiteit...........................................................................................................19
6.3 validiteit......................................................................................................................................19
6.4 andere vormen van validiteit......................................................................................................19
9 observatie ten bate van de therapeutische ingreep..........................................................................20
9.1 de theoretische achtergrond......................................................................................................20
9.2 een narratief en objectief observatieverslag..............................................................................20
9.3 van verslag naar ABC-schema.....................................................................................................20
9.4 observeren is meten...................................................................................................................21
9.5 de n=1 studie: meten leidt tot weten.........................................................................................21
9.6 van probleemgedrag naar doelgedrag........................................................................................21
De sociale ontwikkeling van het schoolkind- van der Ploeg.................................................................21
1 het sociale ontwikkelingstraject........................................................................................................21
1.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................21
1.2 sociale vaardigheden..................................................................................................................22
1.3 aspecten van sociale competentie..............................................................................................22
1.4 het ik en de ander.......................................................................................................................22
1.5 een verwant begrip.....................................................................................................................22
1.6 ontwikkelingsverloop van sociale vaardigheden........................................................................22
1.7 sociale ontwikkeling en probleemgedrag...................................................................................23
1.8 socialisatie..................................................................................................................................23
H2 de invloed van het gezin..................................................................................................................23
2.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................23
2.2 opvoeding...................................................................................................................................23
2.3 opvoeden en sociale ontwikkeling..............................................................................................24
2.4 de invloed van broers en zussen.................................................................................................24
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2.5 gedrag van de ouders.................................................................................................................24
2.6 gezinsfunctioneren.....................................................................................................................25
H3 de school.........................................................................................................................................25
3.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................25
3.2 de leerkracht...............................................................................................................................25
3.3 de stijl van lesgeven....................................................................................................................25
3.4 schooltype..................................................................................................................................26
3.5 de klasgenoten...........................................................................................................................26
3.6 het klasklimaat............................................................................................................................26
3.7 de relatie school en gezin...........................................................................................................26
H4 de vrije tijd......................................................................................................................................27
4.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................27
4.2 besteding van de vrije tijd...........................................................................................................27
4.3 internet: bedreiging of uitdaging?..............................................................................................27
4.4 het spelen van (agressieve) computergames..............................................................................28
4.5 de invloed van tv en ander visuele media...................................................................................28
H6 de sociaal-economische situatie.....................................................................................................28
6.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................28
6.2 de SES nader onder de loep........................................................................................................28
6.3 enkele cijfers...............................................................................................................................29
6.4 de invloed van de SES.................................................................................................................29
6.5 gevolgen.....................................................................................................................................29
H7 waarom kiezen kinderen voor elkaar?............................................................................................29
7.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................29
7.2 afstemmingsmodel.....................................................................................................................29
7.3 kenmerkenmodel........................................................................................................................30
7.4 behoeftemodel...........................................................................................................................30
H8 vriendschappen...............................................................................................................................31
8.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................31
8.2 omschrijving van vriendschap.....................................................................................................31
8.3 het bepalen van vriendschappen................................................................................................31
8.4 wat doen vrienden samen?........................................................................................................31
8.5 de positieve invloed van vriendschappen...................................................................................32
8.6 vriendschap en antisociaal gedrag..............................................................................................32
8.7 vriendschappen: gevolg of oorzaak?..........................................................................................32
8.8 vriendschap en hechting.............................................................................................................32
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8.9 de rol van de ouders...................................................................................................................33
H9 het populaire kind...........................................................................................................................33
9.1 inleiding......................................................................................................................................33
9.2 populariteit en vriendschap........................................................................................................33
9.3 populair tegenover afgewezen...................................................................................................33
9.4 populariteit en agressie..............................................................................................................34
9.5 sociometrisch bepaalde posities.................................................................................................34
9.6 drie verschijningsvormen van populariteit.................................................................................34
9.7 drie vormen van populariteit naast elkaar..................................................................................34
9.8 de ontwikkeling van populaire kinderen.....................................................................................35
H11 leidinggevende kinderen...............................................................................................................35
11.1 inleiding....................................................................................................................................35
11.2 omschrijvingen.........................................................................................................................35
11.3 leiderschapskenmerken............................................................................................................35
11.4 achtergronden..........................................................................................................................35
11.5Bepaling van het leiderschap.....................................................................................................36
11.6 typen leiderschap.....................................................................................................................36
11.7 leiderschap en hoogbegaafdheid..............................................................................................36
11.8 niet de leider alleen..................................................................................................................36
11.9 tot slot......................................................................................................................................36
H12 afgewezen kinderen......................................................................................................................37
12.1 inleiding....................................................................................................................................37
12.2 wat houdt afwijzing in?.............................................................................................................37
12.3 het proces van afwijzing...........................................................................................................37
12.4 gevolgen van een aanhoudende afwijzing................................................................................37
12.5 gedragskenmerken van afgewezen kinderen...........................................................................37
12.6 omgaan met andere kinderen..................................................................................................38
12.7 afgewezen agressieve kinderen................................................................................................38
12.8 afgewezen kinderen met teruggetrokken gedrag.....................................................................38
12.9 het ene afgewezen kind is het andere niet...............................................................................38
12.10 rol van de ouders....................................................................................................................39
12.11 de rol van de leerkracht..........................................................................................................39
H13 Eenzame kinderen.........................................................................................................................39
13.1 inleiding....................................................................................................................................39
13.2 wat is eenzaamheid?................................................................................................................39
13.3 leeftijd.......................................................................................................................................40
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