Tutorial Letter 202/3/2021
Projects and Programmes as Instruments of Development
DVA2601
Semester 1 & 2
Department of Development Studies
General approach to essay writing
Each assignment requires that you write an introduction in which you unpack the question...
Projects and Programmes as Instruments
of Development
DVA2601
Semester 1 & 2
Department of Development Studies
IMPORTANT INFORMATION:
This tutorial letter contains important
information about your
module.
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General approach to essay writing
Each assignment requires that you write an introduction in which you unpack the
question by providing your interpretation and a brief outline of how you are going to
approach the question.
Each paragraph ought to explain a point/fact that addresses the question. You
should support your points with reference to literature and where necessary give
examples. You should not have a paragraph that only explains an example as
examples alone are not an answer.
Your essay should end with a conclusion where you sum up the points that you
discussed in the essay. You may not discuss any new issues in your conclusion.
Make it short and to the point.
Always start by reading the prescribed material to form an understanding of the
content and make notes on the relevant information to answer the essay question.
You may use additional sources in your essay. Please ensure that you provide
references for all the sources you use.
Below are the guidelines to questions 2-7.
Question 2
Compare the traditional project cycle, MacArthur’s project sequence and the
participatory project management cycle. Then discuss which one of them is best suited
to ensure that learning takes place and that project planning is improved.
Assessment evidence:
Draw a comparison of the three approaches.
Analyse the approaches and discuss which one allows learning to take place.
Substantiate points with reference to sources.
Provide relevant examples.
How to approach the question
Start by consulting the prescribed material to form an understanding of the content.
In your introduction, unpack how you have chosen to address the question, and if
you like, add the steps that you are going to follow to address the question.
The study unit takes Conyers and Hills’ project planning process as the starting
point before moving on to MacArthur’s “project sequence”. It then turns to the
participatory project management cycle. This cycle is discussed in the article in the
Hart et al article using two case studies.
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