NURSING 101 Pathophysiology Practice with Answers & Rationale
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NURSING 101
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NURSING 101
NURSING 101 Pathophysiology Practice with Answers & Rationale
Question 1:
(see full question) The nurse is caring for a client with renal failure experiencing shortness of breath and increased respiratory rate. The arterial blood gas reflects a pH of
7.10 and a HCO3 level of 18 mEq/L. Ho...
the arterial blood gas reflects a ph of 710 and a hco3 level of 18 meql
administering an antiemetic to treat the clients frequent vomiting
anion gap ag is t
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NURSING 101 Pathophysiology Practice with
Answers & Rationale
Question 1: The nurse is caring for a client with renal failure experiencing shortness of
(see full question)
breath and increased respiratory rate. The arterial blood gas reflects a pH of
7.10 and a HCO3 level of 18 mEq/L. How does the nurse interpret these
findings?
You selected: Metabolic acidosis
Correct
Explanation: Metabolic acidosis would be diagnosed based on the findings related to a low
pH level and a low bicarbonate level. The other conditions would not result
from the findings provided ......(more)
Reference: Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40,
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1071.
Question 2: When interpreting the arterial blood gas, the nurse recognizes which of these
(see full question)
reflects the value for bicarbonate?
You selected: HCO3-
Correct
Explanation: Bicarbonate is abbreviated as HCO3. H2CO3 is the abbreviation for carbonic
acid, HCl is the abbreviation for hydrochloric acid, and H+ is the abbreviation
for hydrogen...... (more)
Reference: Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40,
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1072.
Question 3: A client's most recent laboratory results suggest the presence of metabolic
(see full question)
alkalosis. What action by the nurse best addresses a potential cause of this
acid-base imbalance?
,You selected: Administering an antiemetic to treat the client's frequent vomiting
Correct
Explanation: Vomiting results in the loss of hydrogen ions, potentially resulting in metabolic
alkalosis. Constipation and skin breakdown are not among the most common
causes of metabolic alka ... (more)
Reference: Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40,
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1076.
Question 4: The nurse recognizes the role of the lungs in acid-base balance is regulation
(see full question)
of which of the following?
You selected: CO2
Correct
Question 5: A client has these arterial blood gas values: anion gap 20 mEq/L, pH 7.29,
(see full question)
pCO2 37mm Hg, HCO3- 11 mEq/L, base excess -6 mEq/L. With what
condition do these values correspond?
You selected: Lactic acidosis
Correct
Explanation: Anion gap (AG) is the difference between the plasma concentration of sodium
ions and the sum of the measured anions (chloride and bicarbonate).
Normally, the AG value should be bet ... (more)
Reference: Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40,
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, pp. 1069-1070, 1072.
Question 6: The nurse is reviewing the following lab results of a client diagnosed with renal
(see full question)
failure:
, pH: 7.24
PCO2: 38 mm Hg
HCO3:18 mEq/L
The nurse would interpret this as:
You selected: Metabolic alkalosis
Incorrect
Correct response: Metabolic acidosis
Explanation: Metabolic acidosis would be diagnosed based on the findings related to a low
pH level ( ... (more)
Reference: Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40,
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1071.
Question 7: What is the nurse’s expectation about a client’s ability to compensate for a
(see full question)
metabolic blood gas disorder?
You selected: The client will compensate with the respiratory system.
Correct
Explanation: The one thing that a nurse can expect is that a client with a metabolic disorder
will compensate with the respiratory system. The client cannot compensate
with the same system. The ... (more)
Reference: Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40,
Disorders of Acid Base Balance, p. 1071.
Question 8: A client with ethylene glycol toxicity is restless, and stating he has flank pain.
(see full question)
What intervention should the nurse perform to minimize complications?
You selected: Increase IV fluids
, Correct
Question 9: A 77-year-old woman has been brought to the emergency department by her
(see full question)
daughter because of a sudden and unprecedented onset of confusion. The
client admits to ingesting large amounts of baking soda this morning to treat
some “indigestion.” How will the woman's body attempt to resolve this
disruption in acid–base balance?
You selected: Increased renal HCO3- reabsorption
Incorrect
Correct response: Hypoventilation
Explanation: When neurologic manifestations occur with metabolic alkalosis, they include
mental confusion, hyperactive reflexes, tetany, and carpopedal spasm.
Respiratory compensation will take ... (more)
Reference: Grossman S, Porth CM (2014). Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 40,
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance, p. 1076.
Question 10: The nurse is caring for the following group of clients. Select the client most
(see full question)
likely to be diagnosed with respiratory alkalosis.
You selected: A 26-year-old female with anxiety who has been hyperventilating
Correct
Explanation: Respiratory alkalosis can occur with hyperventilating and the loss of CO 2.The
other three clients are more at risk for respiratory acidosis as a result of
retaining CO2 ........... (more)
Question 1: The nurse is caring for a client with acute primary respiratory acidosis. When
(see full question)
determining the cause of the acidosis the nurse is aware that which of these is
most common?
You selected: Impaired alveolar ventilation
Correct
Explanation: Acute respiratory acidosis is frequently caused by impaired alveolar ventilation
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