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NSG 221- Community Health Concepts_ Midterm Study Guide.
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NSG 221 Community Health ConceptsMidterm Study Guide
To help you prepare for the exam, use power points, audios, Knightsburg Activities, IHI Intro to
Population Health, and readings to utilize the following study guide. Know all key terms
(vocabulary words) and objectives for each chapter. There will be 50 questions - matching,
multiple-choice, & select-all-that-apply.
Chapter 1
Ø Aggregates: Subgroups or subpopulations that have some common characteristics
or concerns.
Ø *Community: Group or collection of locally based individuals interacting in social units
and sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and/or goals.
Ø Community Health: Extends the realm of public health to include organized health
efforts at the community level through both government and private efforts. (American
Heart Association, American Red Cross, etc)
Ø Community Health Nursing: The synthesis of nursing practice and public health
practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations
Ø *Core Public Health Functions:
o Assessment
§ Regular collection, analysis and information sharing about health
conditions, risks and resources in a community
§ Monitors, diagnoses, and research health problems within a community
§ Investigate health hazards
o Policy development
§ Use of information gathered during a assessment to develop local and
state health policies and direct resources towards those policies
§ Educates and informs (and empowers) people about health issues
§ Helps develop policies and plans that support individual and community
health efforts
§ Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
§ Creates community committees to work on solutions for problems
o Assurance
§ Focuses on the availability of necessary health services throughout the
community
§ Enforces laws once they are enacted
§ Evaluates effectiveness of new programs and services within the
, community
§ Educate the public health work force to assure competency
§ Communicate new policies to the community
Ø Disease Prevention: Activities that protect people from disease and the effects of
disease
Ø Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity
o Updated: The extent to which an individual or group is able to realize
aspirations and satisfy needs; and to change or cope with the environment.
Health is seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a
positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical
capacities.
Ø Health Promotion: Activities that enhance resources directed at improving well-being
Ø *Healthy People 2020: Has 2 main goals for people by 2020
o 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life
o 2. Eliminate health disparities
o 42 (28?) Topic areas that are further divided into 467 objectives that are used
to help guide health promotion activities and can be used to aid in community-
wide initiatives
o Healthy People 2020: “A society in which all people live long, healthy lives”
o Overarching goals:
§ Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability,
injury and premature death
§ Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of
all groups
§ Create social and physical environments that promote good health for
all
§ Promote quality of life, healthy, development and healthy behaviors
across all life stages
o Determinates:
§ Physical environment
§ Health Services
§ Biology and Genetics
§ Individual behavior
§ Social environment
o Leading Health Indicator Topics:
§ Access to healthcare
§ Clinical preventative services
§ Environmental quality
, § Injury and violence
§ Maternal, infant, child health
§ Nutrition, physical activity and obesity
§ Reproductive and sexual health
§ Mental health
§ Oral health
§ Social determinants
§ Substance abuse
§ Tobacco
o
Ø *Population: Typically used to denote a group of people having common personal or
environmental characteristics – it can also refer to all the people in a defined community.
Ø Population focused nursing: Concentrates on specific groups of people and
focuses on health promotion and disease prevention, regardless of geographic location
o Goal: Provision of evidence-based care to targeted groups of people with
similar needs to improve outcomes
Ø Public health nursing: The synthesis of public health and nursing practice – the field
of professional practice in nursing and in public health in which technical nursing,
interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as
they affect the community.
Ø *Public health: Focuses on health promotion and health maintenance especially in
the local community and for populations that are at risk for certain diseases or issues
o Mission statement: Social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessities
such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collecting burdens
to make it possible
o Major goal: To preserve the health of the community and surrounding
populations by focusing on health promotion and health maintenance of
individuals, families, and groups within the community
Ø *Primary prevention: Prevention of problems before they occur (health promotion
and health protection)
o Example: Immunizations, dietary teaching during pregnancy, having adequate
housing, birthing classes for teenage mothers, fluoride water supplementation,
and removal of environmental hazards
Ø *Secondary prevention: Early detection and intervention or early diagnosis and
treatment
o Example: Screening for Sexually transmitted disease, HIV testing, Dental
exams, Vision screening for a 1st grade class, mammography van for women in a
low-income neighborhood, and lead screening for children by school district
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