1. True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism.
False. Viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses
can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes
microorganisms and viruses.
2. What is the smallest biological unit of life?
A cell.
3. At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what?
Macromolecules*
*A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides but
they must answer with all four to be fully correct.
4. How many different types of amino acids are available from which to make
proteins?
20
5. Define an essential amino acid.
An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human body and as such must be
taken in from the environment through alternative sources (i.e) food.
6. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): Contains the genetic material as well as heredity
characteristics found in living organisms. RNA (ribonucleic acid): its role is for
decoding the sequence of heredity information found in DNA
, 7. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles?
There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA
(ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information
within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is
responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible
for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
8. Complete the following RNA strand and indicate how many bonds are formed
for each complementary pair:
3’ GGUCAUCG 5’
5’ CC AGC 3’
3’ GGUCAUCG 5’
5’ CCAGUAGC 3’
There are 2 bonds formed between A and U, and 3 bonds between G and C.
9. The plasma membrane (select all that are true):
A. Only restricts movement of materials into the cell
B. Is often a bilayer comprised of lipids
C. Cannot prevent essential nutrients from escaping
D. Contains hydrophobic tails pointing inward
B and D
10. Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms come together to form what primary
macromolecule? Give an example.
Polysaccharides. Glucose, sucrose and cellulose are all acceptable answers.
11. True or False: Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
False. Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus (prokaryotic cells do not).
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