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Samenvatting AFP Zenuwstelsel, Kennisweek 1, OP3, jaar 1 (OVK13GOW01)
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Samenvatting van AFP zenuwstelsel, kennisweek 1, OP3, leerjaar 1. OVK13GOW01
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ZenuwstelselDeel I (deel II → OP4)
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Indeling .................................................................................................................................................... 3
Algemene functies ................................................................................................................................... 4
Regulatie van activiteiten van weefsels en organen ........................................................................... 4
Coördinatie van activiteiten van weefsels en organen ....................................................................... 4
Regulatie en coördinatie van vegetatieve functies ............................................................................. 4
Coördinatie van contacten met de buitenwereld ............................................................................... 4
Coördinatie van psychische functies ................................................................................................... 4
Anatomie ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Centrale zenuwstelsel (CZS) ................................................................................................................ 5
Perifere zenuwstelsel (PZS) ................................................................................................................. 5
Anatomie van een zenuw .................................................................................................................... 6
Zenuwweefsel ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Anatomie van de hersenen ................................................................................................................. 9
Hemisferen ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Basale kernen ................................................................................................................................ 10
Hersenvliezen ................................................................................................................................ 10
Ruimtes tussen vliezen .................................................................................................................. 10
Hersenventrikels............................................................................................................................ 11
Anatomie van het ruggenmerg ......................................................................................................... 11
Werking van zenuwen ........................................................................................................................... 12
Membraanpotentiaal ........................................................................................................................ 12
Actiepotentiaal .................................................................................................................................. 12
Impulsgeleiding ................................................................................................................................. 12
Impulsoverdracht .............................................................................................................................. 13
Reflexboog ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Efferente routes .................................................................................................................................... 14
Epilepsie ................................................................................................................................................ 15
Gegeneraliseerde epilepsie ............................................................................................................... 15
Oorzaak.......................................................................................................................................... 15
Verschijnselen ............................................................................................................................... 15
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................... 15
Partiële epilepsie (focale epilepsie .................................................................................................... 15
, Oorzaak.......................................................................................................................................... 15
Verschijnselen ............................................................................................................................... 15
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................... 15
Cerebrale uitval ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Oorzaak.......................................................................................................................................... 16
Verschijnselen ............................................................................................................................... 16
CVA/Beroerte ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Oorzaken ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Verschijnselen ............................................................................................................................... 17
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................... 18
Ziekte van Parkinson ............................................................................................................................. 19
Oorzaak.......................................................................................................................................... 19
Verschijnselen ............................................................................................................................... 19
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................... 19
2
, Indeling
Anatomisch: bouw en ligging zenuwstelsel
• CZS: centrale zenuwstelsel
o Binnen beschermende botten van schedel en wervelkolom
o Hersenen (98% ZS) en ruggenmerg
• PZS: perifere zenuwstelsel
o Grotendeels buiten schedel en wervelkolom
o Verbinding CZS en organen
o Hersenzenuwen, ruggenmergzenuwen, grensstreng en zenuwen vegetatieve
zenuwstelsel
Fysiologisch: functie zenuwstelsel, waarbij je let op de integratie, hiërarchie en richting van het
signaal.
• VZS: vegetatieve zenuwstelsel
o Integratie vegetatieve stelsels
o Autonoom (onwillekeurig)
o Antagonistische werking:
▪ Sympathische zenuwstelsel (actie)
▪ Parasympathische zenuwstelsel (rust)
• AZS: animale zenuwstelsel
o Integratie lichaam en omgeving à communicatie + gedrag
o Willekeurig
Daarnaast onderscheiden we ook op basis van de richting van het signaal:
• Afferente (aanvoerende) informatie: via sensibele zenuwbanen à grote hersenen
• Efferente (afvoerende) informatie: via motorische zenuwbanen à periferie
• Korte zenuwbanen: schakelingen binnen CZS
3
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