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samenvatting taal en meertaligheid
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lOMoARcPSD|3577297Taal en meertaligheid sem 2
, lOMoARcPSD|3577297
Taal en meertaligheid
Inhoud
Waarom T & MT?...................................................................................................................................1
Wat is taal?.............................................................................................................................................1
Andere talen.......................................................................................................................................2
Menselijke taal vs dierentaal..........................................................................................................2
Kunsttaal.........................................................................................................................................2
Andere............................................................................................................................................2
Meertaligheid.........................................................................................................................................2
Definitie..............................................................................................................................................2
2 Soorten taalverwervingsprocessen..................................................................................................2
Simultane taalverwerving...............................................................................................................2
Successieve/ Sequentiële taalverwerving.......................................................................................2
Duur................................................................................................................................................3
Problematische taalverwerving?....................................................................................................3
Taalsilhouet............................................................................................................................................3
Taalbeleid op school...........................................................................................................................3
Taal als levend organisme.......................................................................................................................3
Taalvariatie.........................................................................................................................................4
Taal en cultuur....................................................................................................................................4
Basisinzichten meertalige ontwikkeling (meertalige taalverwerving).....................................................4
Cognitieve meerwaarde van meertalig opgroeien..............................................................................5
Kenmerken van meertalige ontwikkeling............................................................................................5
Meertalige kinderen hebben een kleinere woordenschat..............................................................5
Meertalige kinderen vermengen meerdere talen en maken daardoor fouten...............................5
Meertalige kinderen scoren systematisch lager op een intelligentietest........................................5
Taalideologie van meertalige scholen.....................................................................................................6
TED- Talk Van Avermaet......................................................................................................................6
Eentalig beleid op school:...................................................................................................................6
Superdiverse context......................................................................................................................6
Positieve aspecten van coaching rond meertalig onderwijs...........................................................7
TED- talk Van Avermaet: samengevat.............................................................................................7
Meertaligheid op school & de rol van thuistaal......................................................................................7
Thuistaal als sociaal- emotionele factor.............................................................................................7
Talensensibilisering.............................................................................................................................8
Doelen taalsensibilisering:..............................................................................................................8
, lOMoARcPSD|3577297
Taal en meertaligheid
Thuistaal als communicatie met
ouders.............................................................................................9
Krachtige leef- en leeromgeving voor alle taalleerders.......................................................................9
Implentatie meertaligheid in een beleid.............................................................................................9
Thuistaal als steiger voor het leren (didactisch kaptiaal): funcitoneel meertalig leren.......................9
Ferdinand De Saussures: Le signe.................................................................................................10
Ijsbergmetafoor (Jim cummins)....................................................................................................10
Functioneel veeltalig leren...............................................................................................................11
Factoren die een invloed hebben op taalontwikkeling.....................................................................11
Persoonlijke factoren....................................................................................................................11
Omgevingsfactoren.......................................................................................................................11
Meertalig onderwijs: Translanguaging & Transknowledging............................................................12
In de praktijk.....................................................................................................................................12
Taalvaardigheid (breed) evalueren...................................................................................................12
Waarom is dit belangrijk?.............................................................................................................12
Meertalige diagnostiek.....................................................................................................................12
Talen in interactie.................................................................................................................................12
Nederlands als 2de taal......................................................................................................................12
Stadia van vreemdetaalverwerving (4 stadia in 2 de taal-vaardig, 2de taalverwerving).......................13
1. Stille periode / gewenningsfase............................................................................................13
2. Sociale fase / redzaamheid...................................................................................................13
3. Aan spreekbaarheidsfase/ omgangstaal...............................................................................13
4. Taal- denkfase / leertaal........................................................................................................13
Hoe verwerven kinderen een taal?...................................................................................................13
Imitatietheorie en transfer (behaviorisme)...................................................................................13
Creatieve-constructietheorie (Nativisme).....................................................................................13
Interachtietheorie.........................................................................................................................13
De analystische (geintegreerde of holistische) taalmethode........................................................14
Taalfamilies.......................................................................................................................................14
Gelijkenissen en verschillen tussen het Nederlands en andere talen...............................................14
Auditieve discriminatie en productie van klanken........................................................................14
Klinkers en medeklinkers..................................................................................................................14
Woordaccent....................................................................................................................................14
Zinsintonatie.....................................................................................................................................15
Zinsbouw..........................................................................................................................................15
, lOMoARcPSD|3577297
Taal en meertaligheid
Sterke, zwakke en onregelmatige werkwoorden..........................................................................15
Woordenschat..................................................................................................................................15
Waarom Nederlands leren niet gemakkelijk is (en Engels wel).........................................................16
Schrif...............................................................................................................................................16
Niet-alfabetische schrifsystemen:................................................................................................16
Alfabetische schrifsystemen:.......................................................................................................16
Schrijfrichting...............................................................................................................................16
Culturele verschillen en taalgedrag..................................................................................................16
Verbaliteit.....................................................................................................................................16
Stijl................................................................................................................................................16
Non-verbale aspecten...................................................................................................................16
Verschillen in visie op leren..........................................................................................................17
Taalbeschouwend leren reflecteren.............................................................................................17
Talensensibilisering..............................................................................................................................17
Definitie............................................................................................................................................17
Waarom?..........................................................................................................................................17
Doel..................................................................................................................................................17
Eindtermen lager onderwijs.............................................................................................................18
Tips voor klas-en school praktijk.......................................................................................................18
Ontwikkelingsfasen bij natuurlijke taalverwerving...............................................................................19
Prelinguale periode / voortalige.......................................................................................................19
Huilen/ schreien (eerste 6 weken)................................................................................................19
Vocaliseren (vanaf ca. 6 weken tot ca. 4 maanden)......................................................................19
Vocaal spel (vanaf ca. 4 maanden tot ca. 7 maanden)..................................................................19
Brabbelen (vanaf ca. 7 maanden tot ca. 13/14 maanden)............................................................19
Linguale periode /talige....................................................................................................................19
Vroeglinguale fase........................................................................................................................19
Differentiatiefase..............................................................................................................................19
Voltooiingsfase.................................................................................................................................19
Kritieke periode................................................................................................................................20
Fasen in een tweede taalontwikkeling..................................................................................................20
Bijlage Van den Branden...................................................................................................................20
Taalverwerven is complex:............................................................................................................20
Strategieën.......................................................................................................................................20
Taalbeschouwend onderwijs............................................................................................................20
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