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Unit 5 Summary
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Summary of 3 pages for the course Unit 5 - Applications of Criminology at PEARSON (Summary of unit 5)
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Social Control: Formal Social Agencies ofMuch of our Control: Based formal social
Social Order: For people to behaviour is on written rules control:
Functionalists argue this is based on value
live and work together a consensus. socially and laws. • Houses of
certain amount of order Marxists: Social order is maintained because of
controlled. Parliament
and predictability is class conflict. The bourgeoise have power and Informal Social • The police force
needed. control to enforce order and influence the law. Control: Based Agencies of
How useful are statistics • Judiciary
on unwritten informal social
Crime is vital and necessary of all recorded by the police? • The prison
Sources of data rules and control:
societies. It helps to remind people • If a crime isn’t witnessed it service.
into crime: processes • Family
about boundaries of acceptable Victim Surveys won’t be reported. such as members
Functionalist
& unacceptable behaviour. Self-report • Many crimes are witnessed • Peers
approval &
When the public come together studies and not reported. • Teachers
disapproval
over a reaction to a major crime, it Crime Survey • The dark figure of crime • Work
creates social cohesion. National colleagues
(Durkheim) Statistics The class deal & the gender deal.
• Most people conform to the rules Crime:
Because society is based on because of the ‘deals’ that offer An illegal
values such as materialism, Mass Media & Deviancy them rewards. act
consumerism and competition- an Amplification • Class Deal: Material rewards if you punishable
unequal society. Some people (Stan Cohen 1972): work for your wage by law.
Marxist
cannot earn enough to fit these • The media creates moral • Gender deal: Material &
norms & values, therefore they panics- exaggerating the emotional rewards if you live with Deviance:
commit illegal activities to get extent and significance of a male breadwinner within the Behaviour
them. a social problem. family. that does
• A particular group is set as Refusing the Refusing the gender not
Women are treated and punished folk devil- a threat to conform to
class deal: deal: Supposed to be
as double deviants- they have society’s
society’s values. Not found rewarded with
firstly broken the law and second White
Feminist
• The media distorts the legitimate happiness & fulfilment rules and
the norms that govern their Collar
norms.
gender behaviour. Arguments
events and incidents and ways of from family life. Many Crime:
around the ‘chivalry thesis’ create a false image of earning a women may be Crimes
young people and their decent living. abused, no bonds with committed
activities. More to gain family & friends.
Labelling produces a self-fulfilling by people
• This can encourage other than to lose Nothing to lose and
prophecy. Social groups create in relatively
deviance by making rules and young people to behave in by offending. everything to gain. high-status
the way the media
Interactionalists
applying them to particular positions.
people and labelling them as portrays. Those at high risk from crime: E.g. tax
‘outsiders’. Groups whose social • Recent moral panics: Class: The poor, living in private rented evasion,
position gives them power are school violence, bullying & housing fraud,
able to label people. These shootouts, benefit cheats Gender: Males misuse of
people see this as a self-fulfilling and single mothers, Age: The Young expense
prophecy. refugees & asylum seekers. Ethnicity: Minority ethnic groups. account
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