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Ancestry and Sex Estimation
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Ancestry and Sex EstimationUsing bones for identification
Establishing whether remains are human or not
Estimating the MNI
Ancestry estimation
Sex estimation
Age estimation
Stature estimation
Ancestry
Main groups:
White = Caucasian/ European descent
Asian = Mongoloid
Black = Negroid/Sub-Saharan African descent
Subgroups:
Hispanic
Native American
Australoid
Ancestry determination is very difficult due to:
Intermarriage
Physical trait differences become less prominent and harder
to distinguish
Migration
Population vs. individual variation
Anthroposcopic ancestry markers:
Skull
Face:
Shape of eye sockets
Face width
Nose:
Nasal spine
Nose shape (nasal index)
Vault
Brow ridges
Muscle markers
Jaw and teeth
Prognathism (protrusion of the jaw)
Palatal shape
Sex estimation
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