Summary Migrants and Integration - 2022 - Maud - Lectures + Literature
Table of contents
Week 1................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Lecture 1 - International migration................................................................................2
1.2 Literature...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Hooghe, Trappers, Meuleman & Reeskens - Migration to European Countries....6
1.2.2 Neumayer - Bogus Refugees?...........................................................................11
Week 2................................................................................................................................. 17
2.1 Lecture - Immigration and policy................................................................................17
2.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 20
2.2.1 Czaika & De haas - The effectiveness of immigration policies............................20
2.2.2 Filindra & Goodman - Studying public policy through immigration policy............26
Week 3................................................................................................................................. 31
3.1 Lecture - Socio-economic migration...........................................................................31
3.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 35
3.2.1 Griesshaber & Seibel - Over-education among immigrants in Europe................35
3.2.2 Larsen & Stasio - Pakistani in the UK and Norway: different contexts, similar
disadvantage............................................................................................................... 40
Week 4................................................................................................................................. 46
4.1 Lecture - The effects of (local) integration policies on integration...............................46
4.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 49
4.2.1 Damen, Van der Linde, Dagevos & Huijink - About but not without: Recently
arrived refugees’ understanding of and expectation for integration within a local policy
context in the Netherlands...........................................................................................49
4.2.2 Berry - Immigration, acculturation and adaptation..............................................53
Week 5................................................................................................................................. 61
5.1 Lecture - Social-cultural migration..............................................................................61
5.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 63
5.2.1 Alba & Duyvendak - What about the mainstream? Assimilation in super-diverse
times............................................................................................................................ 63
5.2.2 De Vroome, Martinovic & Verkuyten - The integration paradox..........................68
5.2.3 Vervoort, Flap & Dagevos - The ethnic composition of the neighborhood and
ethnic minorities’ social contacts.................................................................................71
Week 6................................................................................................................................. 78
6.1 Lecture - Transnationalism.........................................................................................78
6.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 82
6.2.1 Bilgili - Migrants’ multi-sited social lives..............................................................82
6.2.2 Schiller, Basch & Blanc-Szanton - Transnationalism..........................................87
Week 7................................................................................................................................. 93
7.1 Lecture - Immigration and Child Mental Health..........................................................93
7.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 97
7.2.1 Dimitrova, Chasiotis & Van de Vijver - Adjustment outcomes of immigrant
children and youth in Europe.......................................................................................97
7.2.2 Delaruell, Walsh, Dierckens et al. - Mental health in adolescents with a migration
background in 29 European Countries......................................................................101
1
,Summary Migrants and Integration - 2022 - Maud - Lectures + Literature
Week 1
1.1 Lecture 1 - International migration
International migration is those movements across international boundaries which
constitute a change of residence (UN).
● For the purpose of international comparison, permanent and long-term immigrants
should include both citizens and foreign nationals intending to stay for more than one
year.
● International Organization of Migration (IOM) defines immigration as a process by
which non-nationals move into a country for the purpose of settlement.
There are various types of immigrants:
Labour migrants ‘’Guestworkers’’ high-versus-low skilled workers
Family migrants Family reunion and formation
Refugees Asylum seekers, status holders, rejected asylum seekers; UN
refugees
International students
There is a difference between refugees and asylum seekers:
● Refugees: fleeing their home country to save their lives and who have been accepted
and recognized as such in their host country.
● Asylum seekers: are people who make a formal request for asylum in another
country because they fear their life is at risk in their country of origin.
This is based on the 1951 UN convention: refugee: a person outside his or her country and
‘’owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality or
political opinion’’.
There are various dichotomies in labeling immigrants:
● Voluntary versus forced migrants (due to threats to life, war, natural disasters)
● Self-supported versus smuggled
● Documented versus undocumented (or unauthorized)
● Orderly versus irregular (or illegal)
There are different definitions and different interpretations in different countries. The labels
don't fit complex (changing) realities (e.g. the same person may be classified as a refugee
and family or labor migrant). Same labels also have a negative connotation in some
contexts.
Migrants can come from various countries of origin:
● Nowadays immigrants from many different countries of origin (c_o) in many countries
of destination (c_d)
2
,Summary Migrants and Integration - 2022 - Maud - Lectures + Literature
● More diversity in terms of nationalities, ethnic groups, cultures, religious
denominations
● And differences in time of arrival: some immigrant groups have a relatively long
history in c_d due to some special circumstances such as decolonization, war,
recruitment of guest workers and international treaties.
These are some examples of migration routes in the 18th century:
Migration routes at the beginning of the 21st century:
Migration routes of refugees to Europe in 2015:
Trend flow of migrants types in the NL:
3
, Summary Migrants and Integration - 2022 - Maud - Lectures + Literature
The motives for migration differ per year. Actual trends in migration to the NL since 2000:
● Family migration is the main type in numerical terms
● Asylum migration volume fluctuate considerably
○ reduced to less than one third between 200 and 2009;
○ increased to all-time record in 2014 and 2015 (in 2016: 50% decrease)
● Strong increase in labor migration (mainly from EU, e.g., Poles, Germans)
● Strong increase in international students (mainly from EU)
There are different ways of collecting data on migration:
● Population registers (OECD, EUROSTAT (EU))
● Administrative sources (visas, residence permits)
● Border controls (entry and departure)
● Household surveys (e.g. census, smaller scale surveys)
● Interview
Some examples of main migration data sources are: IOM, IOM data portal, OECD, UNHCR
etc.
There are some data limitations and concerns:
● Sometimes it is difficult to compare stocks or flow across countries: different
definitions (foreign- born and foreign nationals), way of data-collection)
○ Stock are the people who already live in the Netherlands who have a
migration background
○ Flow are the number of migrants crossing a boundary, within a specific time
period
● Illegal/irregular immigrants are not included in official data sources (in some cases
based on estimations)
● Mainly western countries (OECD) collect migration data in a systematic way
● Only a few (comparative) survey studies focus on explanatory factors. These studies
often measure intention to migrate and not actual migration.
There are different migration theories, with explanations at different levels of analysis:
● Micro-level: characteristics of individuals
● Meso-level: characteristics of migrant networks or households
● Macro level: characteristics of countries (push factors in c_o; pull factors in c_d)
4
Table of contents
Week 1................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Lecture 1 - International migration................................................................................2
1.2 Literature...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Hooghe, Trappers, Meuleman & Reeskens - Migration to European Countries....6
1.2.2 Neumayer - Bogus Refugees?...........................................................................11
Week 2................................................................................................................................. 17
2.1 Lecture - Immigration and policy................................................................................17
2.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 20
2.2.1 Czaika & De haas - The effectiveness of immigration policies............................20
2.2.2 Filindra & Goodman - Studying public policy through immigration policy............26
Week 3................................................................................................................................. 31
3.1 Lecture - Socio-economic migration...........................................................................31
3.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 35
3.2.1 Griesshaber & Seibel - Over-education among immigrants in Europe................35
3.2.2 Larsen & Stasio - Pakistani in the UK and Norway: different contexts, similar
disadvantage............................................................................................................... 40
Week 4................................................................................................................................. 46
4.1 Lecture - The effects of (local) integration policies on integration...............................46
4.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 49
4.2.1 Damen, Van der Linde, Dagevos & Huijink - About but not without: Recently
arrived refugees’ understanding of and expectation for integration within a local policy
context in the Netherlands...........................................................................................49
4.2.2 Berry - Immigration, acculturation and adaptation..............................................53
Week 5................................................................................................................................. 61
5.1 Lecture - Social-cultural migration..............................................................................61
5.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 63
5.2.1 Alba & Duyvendak - What about the mainstream? Assimilation in super-diverse
times............................................................................................................................ 63
5.2.2 De Vroome, Martinovic & Verkuyten - The integration paradox..........................68
5.2.3 Vervoort, Flap & Dagevos - The ethnic composition of the neighborhood and
ethnic minorities’ social contacts.................................................................................71
Week 6................................................................................................................................. 78
6.1 Lecture - Transnationalism.........................................................................................78
6.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 82
6.2.1 Bilgili - Migrants’ multi-sited social lives..............................................................82
6.2.2 Schiller, Basch & Blanc-Szanton - Transnationalism..........................................87
Week 7................................................................................................................................. 93
7.1 Lecture - Immigration and Child Mental Health..........................................................93
7.2 Literature.................................................................................................................... 97
7.2.1 Dimitrova, Chasiotis & Van de Vijver - Adjustment outcomes of immigrant
children and youth in Europe.......................................................................................97
7.2.2 Delaruell, Walsh, Dierckens et al. - Mental health in adolescents with a migration
background in 29 European Countries......................................................................101
1
,Summary Migrants and Integration - 2022 - Maud - Lectures + Literature
Week 1
1.1 Lecture 1 - International migration
International migration is those movements across international boundaries which
constitute a change of residence (UN).
● For the purpose of international comparison, permanent and long-term immigrants
should include both citizens and foreign nationals intending to stay for more than one
year.
● International Organization of Migration (IOM) defines immigration as a process by
which non-nationals move into a country for the purpose of settlement.
There are various types of immigrants:
Labour migrants ‘’Guestworkers’’ high-versus-low skilled workers
Family migrants Family reunion and formation
Refugees Asylum seekers, status holders, rejected asylum seekers; UN
refugees
International students
There is a difference between refugees and asylum seekers:
● Refugees: fleeing their home country to save their lives and who have been accepted
and recognized as such in their host country.
● Asylum seekers: are people who make a formal request for asylum in another
country because they fear their life is at risk in their country of origin.
This is based on the 1951 UN convention: refugee: a person outside his or her country and
‘’owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality or
political opinion’’.
There are various dichotomies in labeling immigrants:
● Voluntary versus forced migrants (due to threats to life, war, natural disasters)
● Self-supported versus smuggled
● Documented versus undocumented (or unauthorized)
● Orderly versus irregular (or illegal)
There are different definitions and different interpretations in different countries. The labels
don't fit complex (changing) realities (e.g. the same person may be classified as a refugee
and family or labor migrant). Same labels also have a negative connotation in some
contexts.
Migrants can come from various countries of origin:
● Nowadays immigrants from many different countries of origin (c_o) in many countries
of destination (c_d)
2
,Summary Migrants and Integration - 2022 - Maud - Lectures + Literature
● More diversity in terms of nationalities, ethnic groups, cultures, religious
denominations
● And differences in time of arrival: some immigrant groups have a relatively long
history in c_d due to some special circumstances such as decolonization, war,
recruitment of guest workers and international treaties.
These are some examples of migration routes in the 18th century:
Migration routes at the beginning of the 21st century:
Migration routes of refugees to Europe in 2015:
Trend flow of migrants types in the NL:
3
, Summary Migrants and Integration - 2022 - Maud - Lectures + Literature
The motives for migration differ per year. Actual trends in migration to the NL since 2000:
● Family migration is the main type in numerical terms
● Asylum migration volume fluctuate considerably
○ reduced to less than one third between 200 and 2009;
○ increased to all-time record in 2014 and 2015 (in 2016: 50% decrease)
● Strong increase in labor migration (mainly from EU, e.g., Poles, Germans)
● Strong increase in international students (mainly from EU)
There are different ways of collecting data on migration:
● Population registers (OECD, EUROSTAT (EU))
● Administrative sources (visas, residence permits)
● Border controls (entry and departure)
● Household surveys (e.g. census, smaller scale surveys)
● Interview
Some examples of main migration data sources are: IOM, IOM data portal, OECD, UNHCR
etc.
There are some data limitations and concerns:
● Sometimes it is difficult to compare stocks or flow across countries: different
definitions (foreign- born and foreign nationals), way of data-collection)
○ Stock are the people who already live in the Netherlands who have a
migration background
○ Flow are the number of migrants crossing a boundary, within a specific time
period
● Illegal/irregular immigrants are not included in official data sources (in some cases
based on estimations)
● Mainly western countries (OECD) collect migration data in a systematic way
● Only a few (comparative) survey studies focus on explanatory factors. These studies
often measure intention to migrate and not actual migration.
There are different migration theories, with explanations at different levels of analysis:
● Micro-level: characteristics of individuals
● Meso-level: characteristics of migrant networks or households
● Macro level: characteristics of countries (push factors in c_o; pull factors in c_d)
4
