is that part of nursing practice passed down from generation to generation.
Scientific knowledge
is knowledge obtained through the scientific method (implying through research).
Authoritarian knowledge
comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person’s perceived expertise.
Significance of Knowledge Sources
All sources of knowledge are useful in the collective body of knowledge that constitutes
the nursing profession.
Both traditional and authoritative knowledge are practical to implement but are often
based on subjective data, limiting their usefulness in a wide variety of practice settings.
For this reason, nurses increasingly focus on scientific knowledge to provide care,
commonly called evidence-based practice
2. Types of wellness
including spiritual, physical, intellectual, emotional, and sociocultural, and
environmental. The nurse giving holistic nursing care must equally consider all these
interrelated dimensions of the whole person.
Spiritual dimension
, examples of the influences of the spiritual dimension on health care include: the roman
catholic requirement of baptism for both live births and stillborn babies; kosher dietary
laws, prohibiting the intake of pork and shellfish, practiced by orthodox and conservative
Jews; and opposition of blood transfusion, common to Jehovah’s Witnesses.
Physical dimension
includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. For example,
inherited genetic disorders include down syndrome, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and color
blindness.
Intellectual dimension
encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences. These
influence the person’s responses to teaching about health and reactions to nursing care
during illness. They also play a major role in health behaviors. Examples involving this
dimension include a young college student with diabetes who follows a diabetic diet but
drinks beer and eats pizza with friends several times a week.
Emotional dimension
how the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions also influences
health. Long term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits. As
examples of negative effects of emotions, a student may always have diarrhea before
examinations and an adolescent with poor self-esteem may begin to experiment with
drugs.
Sociocultural
health practices and beliefs are strongly influenced by a person’s economic level,
lifestyle, family, and culture. In general, low income groups, racial and ethnic minorities,
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