NR 601 Final Study Guide Week 5- Glucose Metabolism Disorders/Obesity

NR 601 Final Study Guide Week 5- Glucose Metabolism Disorders/Obesity Dunphy  Chapter 58: Diabetes Mellitus p.909-938 Kennedy  Chapter 14: Endocrine, Metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders p. 369- 376 o Obesity p.392-396 Glucose Metabolism Disorders Types of diabetes (prediabetes, type 1, and type 2) Prediabetes: fasting glucose consistently elevated above the normal range but less than 100-125. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) state of hyperglycemia where 2 hr post glucose load glycemic level is 140-199 Type 1: severe insulin deficiency resulting in reduction or absence of functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. This leads to hyperglycemia due to altered metabolism of lipids, carbs, and proteins.  Initial s/s of hyperglycemia.  Subjective findings- polyuria, polydipsia, nocturnal enuresis and polyphagia with paradoxical weight loss, visual changes and fatigue.  Objective-dehydration (poor skin turgor and dry mucous), wt loss despite normal/increase appetite, reduction in muscle mass. DKA (fatigue, cramping, abnormal breathing, halitosis (rotten fruit + nail polish smell)