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Giddens: Concepts for Nursing Practice, 2nd Edition/Test Bank on The Concepts for Nursing Practice 2nd Edition by Giddens

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Giddens: Concepts for Nursing Practice, 2nd Edition/Test Bank on The Concepts for Nursing Practice 2nd Edition by Giddens Giddens: Concepts for Nursing Practice, 2nd Edition Test Bank on The Concepts for Nursing Practice 2nd Edition by Giddens Health Disparities Concept 54: Health Disparities Gidd...

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  • April 27, 2022
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Test Bank on The Concepts for Nursing Practice 2nd

Edition by Giddens

Giddens: Concepts for Nursing Practice, 2nd Edition

,Health Disparities
Concept 54: Health Disparities
Giddens: Concepts for Nursing Practice, 2nd Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The nurse is caring for a Chinese patient diagnosed with cancer who is suffering from pain, yet refuses
analgesia administration. What type of health disparities is this patient exhibiting?
a. Avoidable and acceptable
b. Avoidable and unacceptable
c. Unavoidable and acceptable
d. Unavoidable and unacceptable


ANS: B
Health disparities that are avoidable and unacceptable unfortunately occur in healthcare settings and these are the targets
of interventions. For example, a disparity in cancer pain management exists between Asians and Whites. This difference is
attributable to Asian cultural values and attitudes related to cancer pain and pain medication distinguished from the
cultural values of Whites. The disparity is avoidable if Asian cancer patients are adequately educated and instructed on
cancer pain management strategies including pain medication and complementary and alternative medicine. Also, this
disparity is unacceptable because this gives an unnecessary burden of pain to Asian cancer patients that could be easily
managed by using existing strategies.

REF: Page 504 OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

2. An experienced nurse tells the student nurse, “I have found that most Hispanic immigrants live in
unsanitary conditions but are hard workers.” How should the student nurse best classify this statement?
a. Stereotyping
b. Prejudice
c. Discrimination
d. Misinformed


ANS: A
Stereotyping often leads to biased clinical decision-making. Stereotyping refers to the process by which people use social
categories (e.g., gender or race/ethnicity) in acquiring, processing, and recalling information about others. Both implicit
and explicit negative attitudes and stereotypes of healthcare providers significantly shape interactions with patients,
influence how information is recalled, and guide expectations and inferences in systematic ways. Stereotyping often
occurs subconsciously, unlike prejudice or discrimination. Prejudice, which refers to unjustified negative attitudes based
on a person’s group membership, is another source of biased clinical decision-making. Discrimination refers to the actual
mistreatment of individuals based on race, gender, ethnicity, etc. The nurse is not misinformed as the nurse has practiced
for some time and made a statement based on observation and experience.

REF: Page 506 OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

3. Which type of health disparities are most frequently encountered by nurses in clinical and community
settings?
a. Avoidable and acceptable
b. Avoidable and unacceptable
c. Unavoidable and acceptable
d. Unavoidable and unacceptable


ANS: B
Although there are many types of health disparities, the avoidable and unacceptable health disparities are the ones that
healthcare providers, including nurses, frequently encounter in clinical and community settings. Furthermore, these are
the health disparities that healthcare providers need to target to intervene.

REF: Page 504 OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

, 4. The nurse is caring for diverse population groups at a health clinic. Which of the following patients
demonstrates a potential health disparity group?
a. A 26-year-old woman who is receiving follow-up after a car accident.
b. A 30-year-old immigrant who does not speak English.
c. A 28-year-old man who needs a tetanus booster.
d. A 12-month-old with an appointment for immunizations.


ANS: B

, Poor health literacy skills are an example of a health disparity that limits an individual’s ability to access or communicate
about health care needs. Patients who are receiving needed care are not experiencing a gap between health need and
actual care.

REF: Page 506 OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

5. Which is the best strategy the nurse manager should include when working to reduce health care
disparities on a medical-surgical unit?
a. Less diverse workforce
b. Increase interpreter availability
c. Authoritarian leadership
d. Annual staff training


ANS: B
Key elements are cultural competence that can reduce health disparities include: a diverse workforce; interpreter
availability; finding common ground versus authoritarian leadership; frequent staff training and updating staff as needed
throughout the year.

REF: Page 506 |Page 507
OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

6. A new nurse requires further teaching when failing to identify which practice as a health disparity?
a. Annual mammogram
b. Early prenatal care
c. Blood pressure screening
d. Frequent fast food meals


ANS: D
Preventive care, screening, and health promotion activities are not considered health disparities. Examples include
mammograms, prenatal care, and blood pressure checks. Frequent fast food meals, containing high fat content, is
considered a health disparity due to possible lack of money or access to healthy meals.

REF: Page 504 |Page 505
OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

7. Before beginning work on a culturally diverse hospital unit, the nurse should perform which action
first?
a. Improve self-awareness of one’s own biases
b. Attend an anti-discrimination rally or march
c. Build rapport and trust with the patients
d. Take a foreign language class


ANS: A
Before working with culturally diverse groups, the nurse should first identify own biases and assumptions in order to
objectively and competently care for patients. Attending a rally or march may not raise awareness of various biases. The
nurse should establish rapport and trust when working with patients, after self-awareness is appreciated. Taking a foreign
language may be helpful; however the first step is self-awareness.

REF: Page 506 OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

8. The nurse who has been hired to work on an oncology unit identifies which group of women as being at
highest risk of developing breast cancer?
a. African
b. Caucasian
c. Asian
d. Hispanic


ANS: C
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Asian women in the U.S., but Asian women have relatively lower rates of
breast cancer screening than African American and white women in the U.S. Furthermore, disparities in breast cancer
screening reportedly result from: low income, lack of a local mammography center, lack of transportation to a
mammography center, lack of a usual healthcare provider, lack of a recommendation from a healthcare provider to get
mammography screening, lack of awareness of breast cancer risks and screening methods, and cultural and language
differences.

REF: Page 506 OBJ: NCLEX® Client Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment

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