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samenvatting VMV 4: medische beeldvorming
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samenvatting VMV 4: medische beeldvorming, vives brugge, 2e bachelor verpleegkunde
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Bachelor verpleegkunde: OLF 2VMV 4: medische beeldvorming
VMV 4: medische beeldvorming 1
,Bachelor verpleegkunde: OLF 2
Inhoudsopgave
1. Begrippenkader ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Grootheden ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Begrippen .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 radioactiviteit ................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.2 radionucliden, isotopen, isobaren, isomeren ............................................................................................. 3
1.2.3 ioniserende straling ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.4 natuurlijke background bestraling .............................................................................................................. 5
1.2.5 afstand en intensiteit (kwadrantenwet) ..................................................................................................... 6
1.2.6 Halfwaardetijd............................................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 eenheden, symbolen en formules ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.1 elektriciteit (+magnetisme)........................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.2 radioactiviteit ................................................................................................................................................. 7
2. Biologische effecten van ioniserende straling ........................................................................................... 7
2.1 Cellulaire (weefsel) gevoeligheid ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.2 equivalente dosis ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.3 effectieve dosis ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4 deterministische effecten van ioniserende straling................................................................................................. 9
2.5 stochastische effecten van ioniserende straling...................................................................................................... 9
3. radiotherapie ........................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 ALARA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Dosislimieten ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.3 algemene beschermingsmaatregelen en toepassing .......................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 afscherming .................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3.2 Afstand.......................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.3 Tijd ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
4. Medische beeldvorming .......................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 klassieke radiografie .............................................................................................................................................. 11
4.1.1 röntgenbuis (primaire bundel en lekstraling .......................................................................................... 11
4.1.2 beelddetectie en weergave ..................................................................................................................... 14
4.2 computertomografie ............................................................................................................................................... 14
4.3 gebruik van (intravasculaire) contraststof .......................................................................................................... 15
4.4 nucleaire diagnostiek met open bronnen (voorbeelden) ................................................................................... 16
4.5 magnetische resonantie (MRI, NMR) ................................................................................................................... 16
4.6 Echografie (+doppler) ........................................................................................................................................... 18
VMV 4: medische beeldvorming 2
, Bachelor verpleegkunde: OLF 2
Inleiding medische beeldvorming
Inleiding eens lezen
Begrippenkader
Grootheden
- Magnetisch veld: grote maten
- Energieoverdracht: kleine maten
- SI: internationale standaard->
metrisch stelsel
- Golflengte: angststrom (°A)
- 1 °A= 10(-10de)m of 0,1nm of 100pm
Begrippen
radioactiviteit
- Dale: eigenschap van atomen dat in hun kernen spontane veranderingen optreden, waarvoor
geen buitenaf werkende oorzaak aan te geven is, en waarbij die kernen overgaan in anderen
kernen met andere eigenschappen
- Refereren naar situaties waar ioniserende straling wordt uitgezonden
- Kunstmatige radioactiviteit: ontstaan door beschieten van atomen met deeltjesstraling
radionucliden, isotopen, isobaren, isomeren
- atoom is het kleinste deeltje-> hoewel we er de kern met protonen en neutronen en de schil
met elektronen bij herkennen
- genoemde deeltjes zijn opdeelbaar in kleinere entiteiten (quarks, Ieptons, bosons)
- radioactiviteit zal verklaard worden aan de hand van de kerndeeltjes in de atomen
- wijzigingen van de samenstelling in de kern leidt tot instabiliteit
è instabiele kernen vervallen naar een stabielere vorm, waarbij de hogere energie uitzenden
è verval: energie niveau van de kern wordt lager
è wijziging wordt zichtbaar in de notatie van de isotopen
è deze notatie heeft een gestandaardiseerde vorm, waarbij elk element (X) wordt
weergegeven met het atoomnummer (Z) en massagetal (A):
A/Z X-> 63/29Cu (koper)
VMV 4: medische beeldvorming 3
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