SBI4U (AP Biology) - Population Dynamics Summary/Test Review
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Course
Biology
Institution
12th Grade
This test review + free Quizlet summarizes the key concepts of population dynamics, as covered by the AP Biology/Ontario Grade 12 Biology curriculum. Some topics it deals with include growth formulas, survivorship curves, basic ecology, r- and k-selection,
Population Dynamics - Unit Test Review (Quizlet here)
1. Community Interactions
Basic Terms
Term Definition
Population Multiple members of the same species
Community A group of populations that interact
Ecosystem A community + the abiotic factors that it interacts with
Carrying The maximum number of organisms an environment can sustain (with its available
Capacity resources)
Biotic Potential The maximum rate a population can increase under ideal conditions
Ecological Niche The role an organism plays in an ecosystem (e.g. who it eats/eats it, where it lives)
- can be fundamental (theoretical; under ideal conditions) or realized (actual)
Competition A struggle between individuals for resources - can be interference-based
(aggressive fighting) or exploitative (hogging shared resources)
Gause’s Principle No two species can remain in competition for the same niche indefinitely - one
(Competitive species will decline or switch to a different niche (e.g. by migrating or using
Exclusion) different resources)
Symbiosis A relationship where 2 species live in close physical contact and at least 1
benefits - includes mutualism (both benefit), commensalism (one benefits + one is
unaffected), and parasitism (one benefits while the other is harmed)
Predation An interspecific interaction where the population density of one species
(predator) increases as the other’s (prey) declines (follows a lagging cyclic pattern)
Predator-Prey Relationship
, 2. Population Ecology
Population Ecology: The study of a population’s size, density, distribution and
changes over time (mainly using quantitative measurements), which can be used
to help understand and control a population
Demography: The study of a human population’s vital statistics (births, deaths,
etc.) and how they change over time
Example of a Life Table
Population Density: The number of individuals of a species per unit area. This can
be crude (no. of organisms in entire habitat area) or ecological (no. of organisms in
area actually used), and is dependent on habitat quality, interactions in the
environment, and other factors (density-dependent and independent)
3. Population Characteristics (Distribution)
Clumped Pattern: A distribution pattern where individuals clump around
resources. Their interactions are usually positive (e.g. taking turns hunting + on
sentry duty) and resource abundance varies
Uniform Pattern: A distribution pattern where resources are scarce, and
individuals interact negatively with each other (e.g. aggressively defending their
space)
Random Pattern: A distribution pattern where resources are abundant, and
individuals interact neutrally (there is no need for them to fight/be defensive)
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