nursing bs 231 pathophysiology exam 3 questions and answers portage learningnursing bs 231 pathophysiology exam 3 questions and answers portage learningnursing bs 231 pathophysiology exam 3 questi
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Exam 3
1. Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders.
1. There are over 80 identified, many with overlapping presentations.
Many manifestations are nonspecific and are seen in other non-
autoimmune diseases. Blood testing isn’t perfect either, as some tests
are more generic and can be elevated in the presence of other
diseases.
b. Which cells serve an important role innate and adaptive immunity? Dendritic
cells
, c. What are the primary cells involved in the adaptive immune response?
Lymphocytes
d. B lymphocytes produce what type of immunity? Humoral
e. Which immunoglobulin passes immune factors from the mother to the fetus?
IgG
f. Which cell is NOT involved in innate immunity?
1. Neutrophils
2. Helper T cells
3. Macrophages
4. Dendritic cells
5. Natural killer cells
b. Which is NOT a finding consistent with Graves’ disease?
1. Exophthalmos
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Goiter
4. Corneal ulceration
b. A 12-year-old female presents with itchy eyes, nasal congestion and
drainage, and sneezing every spring when the pollen count is high. (1)
Explain the immunologic mechanisms that are responsible for her
symptoms. (2) What type(s) of treatment might be used to relieve her
symptoms?
1. (1) Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils play an important role in
the development of type I reactions because they contain the
chemical mediator histamine. A primary or initial-phase response is
vasodilation, vascular leakage, and smooth muscle contraction. A
secondary or late-phase response is characterized by more intense
infiltration of tissues with eosinophils and other acute and chronic
inflammatory cells, as well as tissue damage.
2. (2) Antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are the mainstay of
treatment
b. Following a heart attack, the area of heart muscle that has undergone
necrosis because of lack of blood supply will heal by scar tissue
replacement. True
c. An appendectomy is performed on a 16-year-old boy who is hospitalized for
right lower quadrant abdominal pain of 18 hours’ duration. The surgical
specimen is edematous and erythematous. An infiltrate of which of the
following cells would be most characteristic of the process occurring here?
Neutrophils
d. During inflammation, blood vessels constrict to minimize tissue damage. False
e. T cells mature in the thymus and are active in cellular immunity. True
f. B lymphocytes normally produce antibodies against host tissues. False
g. Type I hypersensitivity reactions are mediated reactions. IgE
15.Which cell does NOT play an important role in type I hypersensitivity
reactions?
a. Mast cell
b. Basophils
c. CD4 T cells
d. Eosinophils
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